K-Bentonites and Graptolite Biostratigraphy in the Middle Ordovician of New York State and Quebec: A New Chronostratigraphic Model

Goldman, Daniel; Mitchell, Charles E.; Bergström, Stig M.; Delano, J. W.; Tice, Steven J.

doi:10.2307/3515101

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The use of gradient analysis in a stratigraphic context follows the work of Cisne & Rabe (1978) and Rabe & Cisne (1980). Unfortunately, they calibrated their methods with flawed bentonite correlations (Goldman et al 1994). Other stratigraphic uses of gradient and cluster analysis have concentrated on presence-absence data rather than abundance data (e.g., Brower 1985;Brower & Bussey 1985;Tuckey & Anstey 1989;Anstey & Rabbio 1989).…”

Section: The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative paleoecological approach to high‐resolution cyclic and event stratigraphy: the Upper Ordovician Miamitown Shale in the type Cincinnatian

Dattilo

1996

LET

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Stratigraphic cycles form an underlying high‐resolution chronostratigraphic structure for much of the sedimentary record. However, before their chronostratigraphic utility can be realized they must be reliably correlated. A new integrated cyclic, quantitative lithologic and faunal method of correlating meter‐scale cycles has been developed for a 12 m interval of the Miami‐town Shale in the Upper Ordovician of the Cincinnati, Ohio area. First, using lithologic criteria alone, six flooding‐surface‐bound (shale‐on‐limestone) shoaling‐upward (shale‐to‐limestone) cycles were delineated and correlated between seven outcrop sections within a 30 km radius; many correlations were ambiguous. Unusual fossil occurrences constrain correlations of cycles 3 and 4, and the limited presence of a dalmanellid, Heterorthina fairmountensis, shows that the flooding surface above cycle 3 lies 10 cm below the lithologic limestone‐shale contact. Cluster analysis of faunal abundance data constrained correlations between all cycles and showed a major transition at the top of cycle 2, again below the lithologic limestone‐shale contact. Finally, faunal depth gradient fluctuations interpreted from ordination of faunal abundance data confirmed and clarified the nature of cycle correlations; the major transition at the top of cycle 2 is a transgressive surface, and the middle part of cycle 3 includes the interval of maximum water depth. These features delineate a larger, 10‐m‐scale, cyclicity. The smaller, meter‐scale cycles, interpreted as averaging 40–100 ka in duration, demonstrate the potential of a ten‐to twenty‐fold increase in the resolution of the type Cincinnatian stratigraphic record.Ecostratigraphy, faunal cyclicity, cyclic stratigraphy, event stratigraphy epiboles, benthic paleoecology, Upper Ordovician, Maysvillian, Caradocian, Ashgillian, Cincinnati.

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Section: The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative paleoecological approach to high‐resolution cyclic and event stratigraphy: the Upper Ordovician Miamitown Shale in the type Cincinnatian

Dattilo

1996

LET

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“…This study focused on trace fossil assemblages preserved on a newly discovered and widespread surface in the lower part of the Indian Castle Formation of the Utica Group (Goldman et al . ; Baird & Brett ). These strata are exposed in the Mohawk Valley area in eastern New York State.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The black mudrocks of the Utica Group are well exposed in eastern New York (NY) and stratigraphically well constrained, in part as a result of their graptolite faunas and, more importantly here, altered volcanic ash beds (K-bentonites), which serve as distinct isochrons (Kay 1935;Cisne & Rabe 1978;Cisne et al 1982;Delano et al 1994;Goldman et al 1994;Mitchell et al 1994;Baird & Brett 2002). Among the Utica Group K-bentonite beds, the Thruway K-bentonite occurs over a nearly 50-km-wide region along the Mohawk Valley (from sites north of Herkimer, NY, to sites near Flat Creek, NY) and at several sites rests on a surface with abundant Cruziana and Rusophycus epichnia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aligned trace fossils from the Utica Shale: implications for mode of life and feeding in the trilobiteTriarthrus beckii

Boyer

Mitchell

2017

LET

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The olenid trilobite Triarthrus commonly occurs in nearly monospecific assemblages within otherwise relatively barren black shales. As such, it has been proposed that these trilobites preferred dysoxic or even anoxic habitats and suggested feeding habits range from predation and particle feeding to chemoautotrophism. A unique bedding-plane assemblage of aligned traces that grade from Rusophycus to Cruziana, with associated Triarthrus beckii carcasses, are described from three localities in the Indian Castle Formation (upper Utica Shale) just below a K-bentonite bed. Although few body fossils are preserved, it is clear that the 15-cm-thick, laterally extensive Thruway K-bentonite created a unique taphonomic window that preserved the activities of numerous olenid trilobites. Rusophycus and Cruziana, consistently observed in densities above 100 trackways/m 2 , were excavated by the trilobites into the upper surface of a micrograded bed, likely a distal turbidite deposit. Sedimentological and trace metal data (Mo, Mn, V and U) support dysoxic but not persistently anoxic conditions through this interval. Measurements from over 500 individual trackways have mean orientations of 259.1°(WSW) at the Myers Rd. locality and 224.59°(SW) at the Dolgeville Dam locality. These orientations are closely similar to independent sedimentological indicators of current transport direction at these sites, which indicates that the trilobites preferentially faced into the prevailing current. The trackways provide compelling evidence that Triarthrus beckii individuals were engaged in feeding, probably assisted by current transport of particles. These results do not support previous suggestions that Triarthrus may have relied upon a chemoautotrophic life habit, but are consistent with suggestions of predation or scavenging from the sediment. □ Black

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“…for fine-scale correlations (e.g., Selby and Creaser, 2005;Selby et al, 2009), and the potential impact of diagenesis on the resulting Re-Os ages remains poorly understood. Biostratigraphy is a powerful tool for chronostratigraphic correlation of strata on a local, regional, and global scale (Goldman et al, 1994;Brett, 1995;Patzkowsky, 1995;Kirchner and Brett, 2008). Although biostratigraphy can often be productively applied in the subsurface (Gartner et al, 1983;Gradstein et al, 1988;Gradstein et al, 1992;Armentrout, 1996;Witrock et al, 2003), challenges can arise from the limited sample availability from cores and destruction of larger biostratigraphically relevant fossils during generation of cuttings fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Radiometric dating of detrital minerals in ash beds (e.g., U/Pb or Ar/Ar) provides a means for absolute time determination in sedimentary strata (Bowring et al, 1993;Goldman et al, 1994;Berkley and Baird, 2002;Maloof et al, 2005;Ramezani et al, 2007). These approaches, however, are often difficult to apply in the subsurface because ash beds are infrequently deposited, limited subsurface volcanic materials may be available for sampling, and the resulting age resolution may be too coarse for fine-scale correlations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Applying carbon-isotope stratigraphy using well cuttings for high-resolution chemostratigraphic correlation of the subsurface

Metzger

Fike

Smith³

2014

Bulletin

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K-Bentonites and Graptolite Biostratigraphy in the Middle Ordovician of New York State and Quebec: A New Chronostratigraphic Model

Cited by 44 publications

References 1 publication

A quantitative paleoecological approach to high‐resolution cyclic and event stratigraphy: the Upper Ordovician Miamitown Shale in the type Cincinnatian

A quantitative paleoecological approach to high‐resolution cyclic and event stratigraphy: the Upper Ordovician Miamitown Shale in the type Cincinnatian

Aligned trace fossils from the Utica Shale: implications for mode of life and feeding in the trilobiteTriarthrus beckii

Applying carbon-isotope stratigraphy using well cuttings for high-resolution chemostratigraphic correlation of the subsurface

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