Juniper fields in Sogn, Western Norway, a man‐made vegetation type

Austad, I.; Hauge, Leif

doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb00559.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In Upper Teesdale, juniper wood was previously used as the base of haystacks and as firewood (Gilbert 1980), and as a smokeless fuel for illicit whisky stills in the Scottish highlands (Borders Forest Trust 1997). In Norway, juniper has had a wide variety of traditional uses including fencing (Høeg 1981; Austad & Hauge 1990).…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate also has a large influence on establishment. Juniper populations in northern Europe and northern Spain have been noted as having a high proportion of young individuals compared to populations in Mediterranean mountains, suggesting a lack of recent regeneration in the latter (Austad & Hauge 1990;Rosén 1998;García et al 1999b;García et al 2000b), ascribed to drought-induced seedling mortality in the Mediterranean climate. Conversely, at the northern end of its range, the establishment of juniper (especially ssp.…”

Section: Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

2007

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Summary1. This account reviews information on all aspects of the biology of Juniperus communis that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles : distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Juniperus communis (juniper) is an evergreen dioecious gymnosperm shrub with two main population centres in Britain, one on chalk downlands of southern England and the other in northern England and Scotland. British populations are divided into two main subspecies although there is overlap in genetic and morphological features. Subspecies communis varies from a spreading shrub to an erect tree characteristic of calcareous soils in southern England, various soils in the Scottish highlands, while ssp. nana is a small procumbent shrub, restricted to well-drained bogs and, more usually, rocky outcrops, generally as a minor component of upland heaths and montane scrub. Both subspecies are drought and frost tolerant, although sensitive to fire. A third subspecies, hemisphaerica , primarily found in mountains of southern Europe has two small populations on maritime cliffs in the UK. 3. Although not very palatable, J. communis is grazed by small and large mammals when food is short, particularly in winter. Its low palatability is derived from oils found in the needles, cones and wood, dominated by monoterpenes. These have been extensively used in folklore medicine and to flavour alcoholic drinks, and are being investigated for new medicinal uses. 4. Juniperus communis ssp. communis is a characteristic light-demanding invader of pasture but has declined due to agricultural expansion, erosion, overgrazing, fire and poor regeneration, such that it is now rare and threatened across lowland/southern Europe. Although susceptible to overgrazing, some grazing can be beneficial to create the open sward necessary for seedling establishment. Other limits to regeneration are: progressively ageing stands in which male plants predominate; increasing fragmentation of stands that reduces pollination efficacy; and high seed dormancy with consequent variable germinability.Key-words : climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soilsJournal of Ecology (2007) 95 , 1404-1440 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01308.x *Abbreviated references are used for many standard works: see Journal of Ecology (1975), 63 , 335 -344. Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Flora Europaea and, where different, Stace (1997). †Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: P. A. Thomas. E-mail: p.a.thomas@biol.keele.ac.uk. Pinopsida (Coniferae), Cupressaceae. The junipers are a taxonomically difficult group, composed of about 68-80 s...

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Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

2007

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“…As this group of species often carries berries, their value for wildlife is high and they were previously collected for human or livestock consumption (Guadilla-Sáez et al 2019). Some species also had valuable wood properties (Austad and Hauge 1990). Finally, their occurrence in wooded meadows is part of our cultural legacy (Sjöbeck 1932;Peterson 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population development of small trees and shrubs after 100 years of free succession of a wooded meadow in southern Sweden

Finndin,

Milberg

2024

Silva Fenn

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Wooded meadows are characterised by traditional-historic human use. Deliberate selection of species, pollarding and haymaking has created a complex and biodiverse habitat where small trees and shrubs were prevalent. This study set out to document what happens to such trees and shrubs during succession to forest, the normal fate when wooded meadows are abandoned but also when other open to semi-open patches revert to forest. The study was conducted at a site in southern Sweden where traditional management was abandoned by 1923 when the area was protected for research and allowed to follow natural succession. The current study is a follow-up of a 1937-inventory of small trees and shrubs. The results show a decrease in both population size and canopy cover in the selected species during the past 86 years. Hence, we can expect a loss of these species when wooded meadow are abandoned and left to developed into forests. On the other hand, several tree and shrub specimens endured for a century, pointing to the slow changes involved as well as the potential for restoration.

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The eider conservation paradox in Tautra—a new contribution to the multidimensionality of the agricultural landscapes in Europe

Olsson

Thorvaldsen

2006

Environmental Science & Policy

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Juniper fields in Sogn, Western Norway, a man‐made vegetation type

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

The population development of small trees and shrubs after 100 years of free succession of a wooded meadow in southern Sweden

The eider conservation paradox in Tautra—a new contribution to the multidimensionality of the agricultural landscapes in Europe

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