Junggar basin, northwest China: trapped Late Paleozoic ocean

Carroll, Alan R.; Yunhai, Liang; Graham, Stephan A.; Xiao, Xia; Hendrix, Marc S.; Chu, Jinchi; McKnight, Cleavy L.

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(90)90004-r

Cited by 294 publications

(181 citation statements)

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“…Lawrence, 1990). Based on the sedimentary record along its border, Carroll et al (1990) suggested a trapped oceanic basin. Hsü (1988) also proposed an oceanic nature of the Junggar crust, but in a back-arc context.…”

Section: The Junggar Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstruction of Western Central Asia based upon paleomagnetic data and its geodynamic implications

Choulet

Chen

Wang

et al. 2011

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

116

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Section: The Junggar Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstruction of Western Central Asia based upon paleomagnetic data and its geodynamic implications

Choulet

Chen

Wang

et al. 2011

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

116

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“…Gabbros form the highest peaks of Bogdo Shan [Chen et al, 1985] (Plate 1). These rocks represent evidence of an island arc, which formed an active margin south of Dzungaria in the late Carboniferous [e.g., Carroll et al, 1990;Windley et al, 1990]. In the central Tien Shan, between Urumqi and Korla, Windley et al [1990] distinguish two sutures of different ages and opposite vergence (late Devonian and north dipping in the south; late Carboniferous and south dipping in the north) (Plate 1).…”

Section: Regional Geology Stratigraphy and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mattauer, personal communication, 1987]. On geologic maps [Chen et al, 1985] (Plate 1) and Landsat images, this suture corresponds to a linear, WNW striking, = 700-km-long fault zone (referred to as Tien Shan fault by Carroll et al [1990]). Clockwise warping of steeply dipping, Carboniferous volcanic tuffs on the maps and the images imply dextral shear along this zone [Windley et al,1990], which may be related to the dextral Dzungarian fault [Voitovich, 1969;Tapponnier and Molnar, 1979] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Regional Geology Stratigraphy and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clockwise warping of steeply dipping, Carboniferous volcanic tuffs on the maps and the images imply dextral shear along this zone [Windley et al,1990], which may be related to the dextral Dzungarian fault [Voitovich, 1969;Tapponnier and Molnar, 1979] (Figure 1). The northeastern edge of Dzungaria appears to be marked by two other sutures, also of Late Devonian and Late Carboniferous age, along the Altai and Kelameili Shan, respectively [Chen et al, 1985;Carroll et al, 1990;B. Windley, personal communication, 1990] (Plate 1).…”

Section: Regional Geology Stratigraphy and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numbers indicate dates and focal depths. Faults, topography, and sediment isopachs are from same sources as in Fig upper Permian lacustrine oil shales (up to 1000 m thick) and are capped by a few hundred meters of coarser Permo-Triassic conglomerates and sandstones that appear to have prograded towards the northeast [Carroll et al, 1990]. These Pennian sediments, which postdate the final, upper Carboniferous suturing of the Dzungarian Tien Shan, may have filled distal flats in a subsiding foreland basin [Graham et al, 1989;Carroll et al, 1990;Windley et al, 1990].…”

Section: Regional Geology Stratigraphy and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien Shan and Late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan

Avouac¹,

Tapponnier²,

Bai³

et al. 1993

J. Geophys. Res.

671

604

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We have studied geometries and rates of late Cenozoic thrust faulting and folding along the northern piedmont of the Tien Shan mountain belt, West of Urumqi, where the M=8.3 Manas earthquake occurred on December 23, 1906. The northern range of the Tien Shan, rising above 5000 m, overthrusts a flexural foredeep, filled with up to II ,000 m of sediment, of the Dzungarian basement. Our fieldwork reveals that the active thrust reaches the surface 30 km north of the range front, within a 200-km-long zone of NeogeneQuaternary anticlines. Fault scarps are clearest across inset terraces within narrow valleys incised through the anticlines by large rivers flowing down from the range. In all the valleys, the scarps offset vertically the highest terrace surface by the same amount (10.2±0.7 m). Inferring an early Holocene age (10±2 kyr) for this terrace, which is continuous with the largest recent fans of the piedmont, yields a rate of vertical throw of 1.0±0.3mm/yr on the main active thrust at the surface. A quantitative morphological analysis of the degradation of terrace edf,es that are offset by the thrust corroborates such a rate and yields a mass diffusivity of 5.5±2.5 m /kyr. A rather fresh surface scarp, 0.8±0.15 m high, that is unlikely to result from shallow earthquakes with 6 < M < 7 in the last 230 years, is visible at the extremities of the main fold zone. We associate this scarp with the 1906 Manas earthquake and infer that a structure comprising a deep basement ramp under the range, gently dipping flats in the foreland, and shallow ramps responsible for the formation of the active, fault propagation anticlines could have been activated by that earthquake. If so, the return period of a 1906 type event would be 850 ± 380 years. The small size of the scarp for an earthquake of this magnitude suggests that a large fraction of the slip at depth ( ""2/3) is taken up by incremental folding near the surface. Comparable earthquakes might activate flat detachments and ramp anticlines at a distance from the front of other rising Quaternary ranges such as the San Gabriel mountains in California or the Mont Blanc-Aar massifs in the Alps. We _,:stimate the finite Cenozoic shortening of the folded Dzungarian sediments to be of the order of 30 km and the Cenozoic shortening rate to have been 3 ± 1.5 mrnlyr. Assuming comparable shortening along the Tarim piedmont and minor additional active thrusting within the mountain belt, we infer the rate of shortening across the Tien Shan to be at least 6±3 mm/yr at the longitude of Manas (""85.5°E). A total shortening of 125±30 km is estimated from crustal thickening, assuming local Airy isostatic equilibrium. Under the same assumption, serial N-S sections imply that Cenozoic shortening across the belt increases westwards to 203±50 km at the longitude of Kashgar ( ""76°E), as reflected by the westward increase of the width of the belt. This strain gradient implies a clockwise rotation of Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan of 7 ± 2.5 • around a pole located near the eastern extr...

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Jurassic tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Junggar basin, NW China: A record of Mesozoic intraplate deformation in Central Asia

Yang

Song

2015

Tectonics

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Mesozoic basins in northwest China provide important records for investigating relationships between intraplate deformation in Central Asia and tectonic processes at Asian boundaries. The present study, using well, seismic, outcrop, and thermochronology data in the Junggar Basin and neighboring areas, describes the main features of Jurassic strata in the basin, analyzes the Jurassic evolution of the basin and neighboring mountain belts, and discusses possible mechanisms of Jurassic intraplate deformation in Central Asia. During the Early-Middle Jurassic, episodic uplift of surrounding mountain belts kept the Junggar Basin a contractional closed basin, and alluvial fan, fluvial, delta, and lacustrine depositional environments successively developed from surrounding ranges to the central basin. During the Late Jurassic, the western and central parts of the basin were folded and uplifted, and deposition migrated mainly to the eastern basin. During the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous, pre-Cretaceous strata in the eastern and northeastern Junggar Basin were folded and uplifted, and coarse-grained sediments were transported from surrounding uplifts to the central basin. We suggest that Jurassic episodic deformation events in the Junggar Basin and other areas of Central Asia are related to the Qiangtang collision during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, the closure of the western Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean at the Early/Middle Jurassic boundary, a collision of a microcontinent in the Pamir with the southern Asian margin during the late Middle Jurassic-early Late Jurassic, the collision of the Kolyma-Omolon Block with Siberia at the end of the Jurassic, and the subsequent closure of the eastern Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean during the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous.

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Junggar basin, northwest China: trapped Late Paleozoic ocean

Cited by 294 publications

References 14 publications

Late Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstruction of Western Central Asia based upon paleomagnetic data and its geodynamic implications

Late Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstruction of Western Central Asia based upon paleomagnetic data and its geodynamic implications

Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien Shan and Late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan

Jurassic tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Junggar basin, NW China: A record of Mesozoic intraplate deformation in Central Asia

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