Journalists, Reframing and Party Public Relations Consultants

Issue and game frames in the news: Frame-building factors in television coverage of the 2014 Scottish independence referendum

“…Empirical studies taking such an approach have revealed that the frames adopted by journalists are influenced, at the individual level, by journalists’ goals and perceptions of their professional roles ( Bartholomé et al, 2015 ; Castelló and Montagut, 2011 ; Kothari, 2010 ; Tandoc, 2015 ); at the routines level, by established news values and/or practicalities of newsgathering ( Bartholomé et al, 2015 ; Boesman et al, 2017 ; Johnson and Fahmy, 2010 ; Tandoc, 2015 ); at the organizational level, by editorial policies and the degree of freedom journalists have to define their topics ( Kothari, 2010 ), the production context ( Castelló and Montagut, 2011 ), and the views of owners, peers and chief editors ( Tandoc, 2015 ); at the social institution (or extra-media) level, by the frames promoted by their sources ( Boesman et al, 2017 ; Hanggli, 2012 ; Hanggli and Kriesi, 2010 ; Kothari, 2010 ; Tandoc, 2015 ); and at the social systems level, by frames which are culturally familiar because they have been previously used in public debate on other topics ( Boesman et al, 2017 ). Others found further connections between different levels, arguing that external forces put pressures on the organizational level, which in turn are passed on to newsrooms ( Colistra, 2012 ).…”

“…This body of work has provided significant insights into how frame building works in different national contexts ( Bartholomé et al, 2015 ; Castelló and Montagut, 2011 ; Colistra, 2012 ; Tandoc, 2015 ), as well as into how issue-specific frames emerged in the coverage of specific stories ( Boesman et al, 2017 ; Hanggli, 2012 ; Kothari, 2010 ). This article contributes to this growing body of knowledge by focusing on two generic frames ( De Vreese, 2012 ): it explores which factors may contribute to the prominence of the strategic game and the issue frame in the coverage of the final stages of a referendum campaign.…”

“…Broadcasters therefore perceived their role in the referendum as ‘translators’ ( Castelló and Montagut, 2011 : 514) of the frames of each political side, rather than as ‘frame setters’ ( Brüggemann, 2014 : 64). As Lawrence (2010) proposes, the idea of journalists actively creating frames to report on a story often goes against their understanding of professionalism.…”

Estrategias de espectacularización en las tertulias políticas televisivas. Caso de la cobertura de las elecciones municipales de Barcelona de 2015

“…De hecho, la metapolítica se consolida como un recurso transversal para tratar incluso otros temas de mayor calado como la crisis económica o el modelo turístico de la ciudad desde un esquema reduccionista. Cuando Cappella y Jamieson (1997) establecen el concepto de la "espiral del cinismo" en la relación entre políticos y periodistas, muchas de las razones que dan unos y otros para generar desconfianza mutua están relacionadas precisamente con un tratamiento de la información y la opinión política simplificada y banal, tanto por parte de los periodistas como por parte del control de los partidos sobre la información (Castelló;Montagut, 2011).…”

“…El fenómeno de la espectacularización mediática de los contenidos políticos responde a una dinámica de "mediatización" de la política. La mediatización se ha definido como el proceso que ubica a los medios de comunicación como actores sociales clave a través de los cuales se construye el discurso político, con lógicas productivas que imponen su lenguaje y ritmos a la actividad política (Castelló, 2012), generando una "negociación continua" entre los dos principales actores de la esfera pública -periodistas y políticos-en la construcción del discurso público (Casero-Ripollés, 2008, p. 122).…”