This article explores frame building in Scottish television coverage of the 2014 independence referendum. It uses content analysis of news and current affairs coverage and semi-structured interviews with broadcasters and their sources to explain how factors internal and external to the media may be specifically connected to the prominence of generic issue and game frames in the coverage. It argues that broadcasters’ perception of their role in this event and the powerful influence of political sources were factors that encouraged policy-focused coverage, while the journalistic routine of balance and media organizations’ perceptions of what would attract audiences favoured the strategic game frame.
This article proposes a new typology of transparency markers in fashion and beauty You Tube videos. It looks at how online content creators disclose the process of selecting and featuring products in their videos and analyses their discursive performance of transparency. It argues that these content creators employ a mix of routines of transparency, authenticity and independence, which they perform simultaneously, constructing themselves as trustworthy. The article suggests that, although restricted in both their extent and regularity, these tactics are complex and offer a glimpse on some of the processes that shape content in beauty and fashion media, which are not normally acknowledged in the magazine press. The article contributes to a better understanding of the manifestation of transparency in new media forms.
This article looks at the opportunities for and challenges to the national press in Scotland in the digital media era. Based on input from interviews with Scottish newspaper editors and managers and on reports about the current state of the industry, it explores how the changes that affect the press globally have impacted the Scottish market and how newspaper companies have reacted to them so far. It discusses the impact of the competition for readership and advertising in a small market with many players, the hope that the industry has placed in paywalls and portable digital devices, and argues that, despite widespread optimism among its members that the industry will successfully survive into the future, the business model that will ensure this survival is yet to be established.
This article explores the framing of referendum campaigns in the press and its relationship to the framing of elections. Drawing from an empirical analysis of the newspaper coverage of the 2014 Scottish referendum and from previous research on campaigns in different contexts, it finds that frames associated with elections, like the 'strategic game' and policy frames, were also dominant in the framing of the referendum. It argues that by framing the independence debate in similar terms to other political contests, the press promoted an understanding of this event as being about pragmatic decision-making on policy and political competition, rather than purely a decision about constitutional matters of self-determination.Keywords: Referendum, framing, content analysis, newspapers, Scotland, media coverage.Referendums are different political events from elections: they are not competitions between political parties to come into power but essentially consultations of the electorate on a divisive issue that goes beyond the lifespan of individual governments; they are one-offs, not regular events; there is not always clear correspondence between party identification and ideological stance and parties with diverse ideologies may support the same side (de Vreese and Semetko, 2004a).Although research on news coverage of election campaigns has been ongoing since the 1940s (Patterson, 1980), the coverage of referendums in the news is comparatively an under-researched area (de Vreese and Semetko, 2004b: 714). This article uses frame analysis, a method that has made a substantial contribution to our understanding of election coverage, to look at the way the 2014 Scottish referendum on independence from the United Kingdom was represented in a range of Scottish newspapers. Drawing from the analysis of the specific case and reflecting on previous studies of campaigns on other topics and national contexts, it addresses the following question: did the press coverage of the referendum generate different frames compared to those of election campaigns, as would be justified by the different nature of these political events? The findings have implications both for our understanding of referendums as mediated events and for evaluating the performance of the news media in explaining what a referendum is about. This latter is particularly significant because the media are for most people a key source of information on politics, and how they define referendums matters (Wettstein, 2012). Despite the dramatic decline of the print press internationally and in Scotland specifically (Dekavalla, 2015), it remains a significant part of the 'relay race' of discourses in the public sphere (Garton et al., 1991: 100-103), whereby print, broadcast and online media co-create the mediated public debate and re-represent political discourse on different platforms. The 2014 referendum has been hailed as an occasion where grassroots groups reinvigorated the debate on social media and challenged the dominance of traditional news platforms (Law, 20...
This article examines the way ordinary members of the public, who were present at the celebrations for the 2011 UK royal wedding, were constructed in the televised coverage of the event on the BBC and ITV. It draws on theories of media events and on theories of the mediated construction of the views of ordinary citizens, and focuses on the way vox-pop interviews and inferences about what the public thinks were used by the two television channels. It argues that by presenting the people on the scene of the celebrations as a homogenized group which thought and acted as one, by inferring what was in the mind of this group and what they would say if they spoke, and by allowing individual members of the public relatively little flexibility in expressing themselves in their own terms during vox-pops, the coverage contributed to a dramatization of the event and at the same time constructed public acceptance of the centrality and significance of the day. Moreover these techniques functioned as an invitation to the viewer of the broadcast to identify with the group, its thoughts and emotions
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