Journalism as an Advocacy Tool: Negotiating Boundaries of Professionalism in the 20th-Century American Environmental Movement

Abstract

Environmental nongovernmental organizations faced unprecedented opportunities after public interest in environmental issues exploded in the 1960s. Drawing on the official archives of the Wilderness Society, the Sierra Club, and the National Audubon Society, this study demonstrates how these organizations redeveloped their publications to take advantage of newfound public interest and political opportunities in the 1960s through the 1980s. The organizations adopted professional journalistic norms and practices in their publications to court mass appeal and gain political legitimacy, but their journalistic endeavors were hampered by internal disagreements over the use of journalism as an advocacy tool.

Ensuring the Future Accessibility of Drinking Fountains in Oklahoma and Beyond

“…Environmental impact Prior to 1990, drinking fountains were at the height of their popularity, after which bottled water rose in popularity (Kaplan 2011). As environmentally conscious minded movements grow (Dunlap and Mertig 1991;Evans Comfort 2020;Arora and Manchanda 2022), the use of drinking fountains, particularly drinking fountains that serve as re illable stations, can help meet sustainability goals (Uehara and Ynacay-Nye 2018). The use of drinking fountains as re illing stations reduces bottle waste (Ivanov 2015), is more economical than bottled water over a long-term period (Cradock et al 2012), and helps increase sustainability of cities.…”