Joint stiffness: Myth or reality?

Latash, Mark L.; Zatsiorsky, Vladimir M.

doi:10.1016/0167-9457(93)90010-m

Cited by 404 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Bennet et al 1992;Lacquaniti et al 1993;Gomi and Osu 1998). The large variation of stiffness values supports the claim of Latash and Zatsiorsky (1993) that neither the definition nor the experimental determination of stiffness is without problems. In particular, Gomi et al (Gomi and Kawato 1997;Gomi and Osu 1998) suggested that the large variation in reported stiffness values is related to differences in experimental setup and instructions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…As another example, stiffness is typically estimated by fitting a second-order model to the response to quasi-random perturbations. Latash and Zatsiorsky (1993) correctly argued that in this case the stiffness estimated depends on the frequency content of the perturbations. This is because in the intact musculoskeletal system, the skeleton interacts with a visco-elastic contractile element in series with an elastic tendon (and aponeurosis), resulting in a system that is at least of order three.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Kearney et al 1997;Zhang and Rymer 1997;Van der Helm et al 2002). In view of the intricacies of experimental determination of stiffness (Latash and Zatsiorsky 1993), it should be firmly established that the identification method to be used in the context of the envisaged experiment allows for unbiased estimation of the intrinsic low-frequency stiffness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of open-loop control of equilibrium position and stiffness of the human elbow joint

2006

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According to the equilibrium point theory, the control of posture and movement involves the setting of equilibrium joint positions (EP) and the independent modulation of stiffness. One model of EP control, the α-model, posits that stable EPs and stiffness are set open-loop, i.e. without the aid of feedback. The purpose of the present study was to explore for the elbow joint the range over which stable EPs can be set open-loop and to investigate the effect of co-contraction on intrinsic low-frequency elbow joint stiffness (K ilf ). For this purpose, a model of the upper and lower arm was constructed, equipped with Hill-type muscles. At a constant neural input, the isometric force of the contractile element of the muscles depended on both the myofilamentary overlap and the effect of sarcomere length on the sensitivity of myofilaments to [Ca 2+ ] (LDCS). The musculoskeletal model, for which the parameters were chosen carefully on the basis of physiological literature, captured the salient isometric properties of the muscles spanning the elbow joint. It was found that stable open-loop EPs could be achieved over the whole range of motion of the elbow joint and that K ilf , which ranged from 18 to 42 N m·rad −1 , could be independently controlled. In the model, LDCS contributed substantially to K ilf (up to 25 N m·rad −1 ) and caused K ilf to peak at a sub-maximal level of co-contraction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of open-loop control of equilibrium position and stiffness of the human elbow joint

2006

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“…The stiffness of the components in a human body's motion system does not meet all of the criteria of formal accuracy, and consequently is subject to error. If the measurement of stiffness is not performed in a steady state of body deformation (equilibrium), the substantial value of dF/dl might also contain components that originate from inertia and damping forces [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leg stiffness is a concept that relates to the limb as a whole system, rather than only to the musculotendinous systems. With this approach, the limb's substitute stiffness depends on the stiffness of all the compliant tissues such as the ligaments, blood vessels and bones [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg stiffness and potential energy in the countermovement phase and the CMJ jump height

Struzik

Zawadzki

Rokita

2016

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: The elastic potential energy accumulated in the musculotendinous units during the countermovement phase of a jump adds up to the energy supplied by the contracting muscles used in the take-off phase. Consequently, the total mechanical energy used during the jump may reach higher values. Stiffness represents a quantitative measure of a body's elastic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the relationship between leg stiffness and the countermovement jump height. Material and methods: 24 basketball players from the II Division participated in the study. The measurements employed a Kistler force plate and a BTS SMART system for the motion analysis. Each study participant performed three countermovement jumps with arm swings. Leg stiffness in the countermovement phase was determined from the slope of the ground reaction forces curve, with respect to the coexisting height of the greater trochanter of the femur. The decline in the gravitational potential energy of the centre of mass during the countermovement phase is partially accumulated in the form of potential elastic energy through the stretched musculotendinous units, and consequently contributes to the jump height. Results: We found a statistically significant relationship between leg stiffness and a decline in the potential energy during the countermovement phase. The relationship between leg stiffness and the jump height was not statistically significant. Conclusions:The distribution of measurements may suggest the presence of local maximums, with their locations representing a value of leg stiffness that allows for high values of changes in the potential energy and the jump height to be obtained. Therefore, the presence of a specific value for leg stiffness that would be the most favourable for the accumulation of potential elastic energy is likely. However, this study cannot unequivocally confirm this fact, and the confirmation of the above statement will require further experimentation.

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Surface Electromyography for MAN‐Machine Interfacing in Rehabilitation Technologies

Farina

Sartori

2016

Surface Electromyography : Physiology, Engineering, and Applications

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Joint stiffness: Myth or reality?

Cited by 404 publications

References 106 publications

A model of open-loop control of equilibrium position and stiffness of the human elbow joint

A model of open-loop control of equilibrium position and stiffness of the human elbow joint

Leg stiffness and potential energy in the countermovement phase and the CMJ jump height

Surface Electromyography for MAN‐Machine Interfacing in Rehabilitation Technologies

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