Joint Resource Optimization in Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) Enabled Multi-Relay Internet of Things (IoT) System

Lu, Weidang; Liu, Guangzhe; Si, Peiyuan; Zhang, Guanghua; Li, Bo; Hong, Peilin

doi:10.3390/s19112536

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Given this, the conventional works, such as [9,11,25,33,34], usually convert the received signal y EH i (t) into the DC power with a linear function. However, a nonlinear function for the energy conversion would be more practical, and the previous works, such as [30,31], adopted the logarithmic nonliner EH model for the ith IoT device on the jth sub-carrier as follows:…”

Section: Network and Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Data Transmission and Energy Harvesting for MISO Downlink Transmission Coordination in Wireless IoT Networks

Liu

Lin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The advent of simultaneous wireless information and power (SWIPT) has been regarded as a promising technique to provide power supplies for an energy sustainable Internet of Things (IoT), which is of paramount importance due to the proliferation of high data communication demands of low-power network devices. In such networks, a multi-antenna base station (BS) in each cell can be utilized to concurrently transmit messages and energies to its intended IoT user equipment (IoT-UE) with a single antenna under a common broadcast frequency band, resulting in a multi-cell multi-input single-output (MISO) interference channel (IC). In this work, we aim to find the trade-off between the spectrum efficiency (SE) and energy harvesting (EH) in SWIPT-enabled networks with MISO ICs. For this, we derive a multi-objective optimization (MOO) formulation to obtain the optimal beamforming pattern (BP) and power splitting ratio (PR), and we propose a fractional programming (FP) model to find the solution. To tackle the nonconvexity of FP, an evolutionary algorithm (EA)-aided quadratic transform technique is proposed, which recasts the nonconvex problem as a sequence of convex problems to be solved iteratively. To further reduce the communication overhead and computational complexity, a distributed multi-agent learning-based approach is proposed that requires only partial observations of the channel state information (CSI). In this approach, each BS is equipped with a double deep Q network (DDQN) to determine the BP and PR for its UE with lower computational complexity based on the observations through a limited information exchange process. Finally, with the simulation experiments, we verify the trade-off between SE and EH, and we demonstrate that, apart from the FP algorithm introduced to provide superior solutions, the proposed DDQN algorithm also shows its performance gain in terms of utility to be up to 1.23-, 1.87-, and 3.45-times larger than the Advantage Actor Critic (A2C), greedy, and random algorithms, respectively, in comparison in the simulated environment.

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Section: Network and Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Data Transmission and Energy Harvesting for MISO Downlink Transmission Coordination in Wireless IoT Networks

Liu

Lin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Results showed that CoR with diversity increases the data rates for individual IoT devices while enhancing the sum rate of overall network. Lu et al devised an optimization problem for transmission rate maximization in a multi-relays Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based IoT network [146]. Simulation results based on effect of number of relays, conversion efficiency and power splitting ratio on transmission rate proved that the rate of transmission is increased considerably by the suggested scheme.…”

Section: Swipt Cor For Internet Of Things (Iot)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Cooperative Relaying for Next-Generation Wireless Networks: A Review

et al. 2021

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Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is an innovative technology employed for enhancing the energy sustainability of wireless devices with a limited life span. The idea of integrating WPT in wireless communication leads to the idea of Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) that transfers information and power to wireless devices simultaneously, thereby resulting in a drastic increase in spectral efficiency of the network. SWIPT aided Cooperative Relaying (CoR) has emerged as a new trend for Fifth Generation (5G) and Beyond 5G (B5G) systems owing to the rapidly increasing challenges faced by these networks. Cooperative relaying combined with SWIPT can be helpful in overcoming the rising demands of next generation wireless networks by providing an enhanced date rate, low latency, shorter coverage, wide spread connectivity of massive number of devices along with energy-efficiency. This article provides a comprehensive review of SWIPT technology that enables the use of CoR networks for 5G and B5G mobile networks including the significance, technologies, and protocols which can be applied. This article also examines the deployment of cooperative SWIPT involving a single relay, multiple relays and optimal relay selection, multi antenna systems and optimal beamforming .SWIPT under the influence of Hardware Impairments (HI), imperfect Channel State Information (CSI), non-linear energy harvesting models, Intelligent Reconfigurable Surface (IRS), massive MIMO, massive access for the Internet of Things (IoT) has been discussed in detail. Meanwhile, this study discusses key challenges being faced in the implementation of SWIPT for future wireless networks that need to be addressed efficiently.

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“…Power switching has been considered for IoT networks with SWIPT relays [48], [49] and [50]. D. Asiedu et al [48] proposed a PS ratio for SWIPT relays without external energy sources in a downlink multihop IoT PS ratio optimization [50] PS ratio optimization SWIPT(TS) [51] Power and subcarrier allocation [52] TS ratio and relay power optimization [53] Transmission time optimization [4] Outage probability minimization [54] Sum-rate maximization [55] Outage probability and Ergodic probability analysis SWIPT [56] Error (Dual PS and TS) probability analysis [57] Outage probability analysis [58] Outage probability analysis Green energy [59] Distortion harvesting reduction maximization [43] Bandwidth and power optimization Shorter frame length for information decoding [56] information transmission [56] network using DF protocols at the relays. Source transmit power minimization and system throughput maximization problems were formulated subject to energy and power ratio constraints.…”

Section: ) Power Splitting In Swipt Relay-enabled Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaying in the Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey

Uyoata¹,

Mwangama

Adeogun

2021

IEEE Access

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The deployment of relays between Internet of Things (IoT) end devices and gateways can improve link quality. In cellular-based IoT, relays have the potential to reduce base station overload. The energy expended in single-hop long-range communication can be reduced if relays listen to transmissions of end devices and forward these observations to gateways. However, incorporating relays into IoT networks faces some challenges. IoT end devices are designed primarily for uplink communication of small-sized observations toward the network; hence, opportunistically using end devices as relays needs a redesign of both the medium access control (MAC) layer protocol of such end devices and possible addition of new communication interfaces. Additionally, the wake-up time of IoT end devices needs to be synchronized with that of the relays. For cellular-based IoT, the possibility of using infrastructure relays exists, and noncellular IoT networks can leverage the presence of mobile devices for relaying, for example, in remote healthcare. However, the latter presents problems of incentivizing relay participation and managing the mobility of relays. Furthermore, although relays can increase the lifetime of IoT networks, deploying relays implies the need for additional batteries to power them. This can erode the energy efficiency gain that relays offer. Therefore, designing relay-assisted IoT networks that provide acceptable trade-offs is key, and this goes beyond adding an extra transmit RF chain to a relay-enabled IoT end device. There has been increasing research interest in IoT relaying, as demonstrated in the available literature. Works that consider these issues are surveyed in this paper to provide insight into the state of the art, provide design insights for network designers and motivate future research directions.

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Joint Resource Optimization in Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) Enabled Multi-Relay Internet of Things (IoT) System

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Joint Data Transmission and Energy Harvesting for MISO Downlink Transmission Coordination in Wireless IoT Networks

Joint Data Transmission and Energy Harvesting for MISO Downlink Transmission Coordination in Wireless IoT Networks

Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Cooperative Relaying for Next-Generation Wireless Networks: A Review

Relaying in the Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey

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