Abstract:The product life cycle of a deteriorating product is an important consideration in inventory management. This paper simultaneously investigates the optimum pricing and inventory decisions considering product life cycles under price-dependent demand and advance payment systems with a discount facility. A time-dependent holding cost is also introduced. The objective is to carefully balance the critical decision variables in order to maximize the total profit. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis validates the c… Show more
“…As the recycling process is shown in the model, a proper waste management (Tsai et al 2021) could be another important discussion that is missing in this study. Some marketing strategies, for instance, discount on imperfect items (Mashud et al 2020a), trade credit financing (Liao et al 2018(Liao et al , 2020Srivastava et al 2018;Mashud et al 2021aMashud et al , 2021d can be implemented in the proposed model to make it more lucrative to the practitioners. Other imperfect process in both the EOQ and EPQ models (Lin and Srivastava 2015;Srivastava et al 2021) can also be consider as an interesting extension.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Demand is a fundamental key factor in inventory models because it determines the perplexity of optimal results. Sometimes demand becomes uncertain (Mashud et al 2020b) and sometimes it depends on the price of the products (Mashud et al 2021a(Mashud et al , 2021c. Fuzzy demand is also very popular among the practitioners of inventory research (Tayyab et al 2019a).…”
Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning
Recycling of products has a great impact on contemporary sustainable business strategies. In this study, a sustainable recycling process in a production-inventory model for an imperfect production system with a fixed ratio of recyclable defective products is introduced. The piecewise constant demand rates of the non-defective items are considered under production run-time, production off-time with positive stock, and production off-time with shortages under varying conditions. Based on the production process, two cases are studied using this model. The first case does not consider recycling processes, while the second case picks up all defective items before sending these items to recycling during the production off-time; the recycled items are added to the main inventory. The aim of this study is to minimize the total cost and identify the optimal order quantity. The manufacturing process with the recycling process provides a better result compared to without recycling in the first case. Some theoretical derivations are developed to enunciate the objective function using the classical optimization technique. To validate the proposed study, sensitivity analysis is performed, and numerical examples are given. Finally, some managerial insights and the scope of future research are provided.
“…As the recycling process is shown in the model, a proper waste management (Tsai et al 2021) could be another important discussion that is missing in this study. Some marketing strategies, for instance, discount on imperfect items (Mashud et al 2020a), trade credit financing (Liao et al 2018(Liao et al , 2020Srivastava et al 2018;Mashud et al 2021aMashud et al , 2021d can be implemented in the proposed model to make it more lucrative to the practitioners. Other imperfect process in both the EOQ and EPQ models (Lin and Srivastava 2015;Srivastava et al 2021) can also be consider as an interesting extension.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Demand is a fundamental key factor in inventory models because it determines the perplexity of optimal results. Sometimes demand becomes uncertain (Mashud et al 2020b) and sometimes it depends on the price of the products (Mashud et al 2021a(Mashud et al , 2021c. Fuzzy demand is also very popular among the practitioners of inventory research (Tayyab et al 2019a).…”
Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning
Recycling of products has a great impact on contemporary sustainable business strategies. In this study, a sustainable recycling process in a production-inventory model for an imperfect production system with a fixed ratio of recyclable defective products is introduced. The piecewise constant demand rates of the non-defective items are considered under production run-time, production off-time with positive stock, and production off-time with shortages under varying conditions. Based on the production process, two cases are studied using this model. The first case does not consider recycling processes, while the second case picks up all defective items before sending these items to recycling during the production off-time; the recycled items are added to the main inventory. The aim of this study is to minimize the total cost and identify the optimal order quantity. The manufacturing process with the recycling process provides a better result compared to without recycling in the first case. Some theoretical derivations are developed to enunciate the objective function using the classical optimization technique. To validate the proposed study, sensitivity analysis is performed, and numerical examples are given. Finally, some managerial insights and the scope of future research are provided.
“…Due to workforce disruptions, semiconductor and parts shortages, global suppliers cannot satisfy all the orders, and the global demand is affected. Some researchers and enterprises have developed strategies and methods to overcome the challenges of supplier-retailer coordination system [15,23,24]. Contract policies of supplier-retailer coordinated and collaborated system have been investigated by many researchers and enterprises in recent years [4,5,7].…”
Due to stochastic demand during the pandemics and uncertain environment, the vendor and the retailer share their risks and benefits by applying revenue sharing and markdown policy in order to reduce the risks and achieve a win-win contract. Three supply chain coordination policies, decentralized policy, centralized vendor-retailer policy and centralized vendor-retailer revenue sharing policy are developed. An example with uniform probability demand is used to illustrate the model. The result shows that the revenue sharing contract is more attractive for the retailer, and the centralized policy is more attractive for the vendor. Therefore, price markdowns are used to share benefits. The sensitivity analysis shows that the number of markdowns is not sensitive to the variances in the uniform demand distribution. A win-win contract based on a revenue sharing and price markdown is developed. A case example shows that the mechanism of price markdowns and revenue sharing contract affect the optimal supply chain profit in view of the pandemics and uncertain environment.
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