Joint Communications and Sensing Employing Multi- or Single-Carrier OFDM Communication Signals: A Tutorial on Sensing Methods, Recent Progress and a Novel Design

Wu, Kai; Zhang, Andrew; Huang, Xiaojing; Guo, Y. Jay

doi:10.3390/s22041613

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…w [l, ν] denotes the range-Doppler map at TX 1 for w ∈ {sc, OFDM}, defined in (10) and (13). For a given threshold, η, the sensing performance of c.c.s is characterized by the detection and false alarm probabilities DRAFT -denoted by P w d (η) and P w f (η), respectively -and defined as follows:…”

Section: Remark 13 (The Effectiveness Of Interleaving)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remark 4 (Sensing interference management for an OFDM waveform). Despite being zero-mean, the distortion due to the sensing interference in (13) can give rise to sidelobes in |R (i) OFDM [l, ν]|, accompanied by false-alarms and the near-far effect (similar to Remark 1), if |V (q→i) [l, m]| takes on a large value at a non-target range bin, l. To minimize the occurrence of these outcomes, it is desirable for P(|V (q→i) [l, m]| > u) -the tail probability of |V (q→i) [l, m]| -to decay rapidly w.r.t u. We characterize this quantity in terms of the c.c.s parameters (i.e., r i , r q and N ) in Section III-C.…”

Section: B Sensing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key question w.r.t a common ISAC waveform is whether to adopt a single-or multi-carrier waveform, with most discussion of the benefits of one over the other focusing on issues like signal processing complexity (both communications and sensing), easy integration with existing standards, PAPR etc. [12], [13]. Our focus on the single-versus multi-carrier question is restricted to the impact, if any, of channel coding on the sensing performance of each waveform, especially in interference-limited environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensing using Coded Communications Signals

Aditya¹,

Dizdar²,

Clerckx³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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<p>A key challenge for a common waveform for Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) -- widely seen as an attractive proposition to achieve high performance for both functionalities, while efficiently utilizing available resources -- lies in leveraging information-bearing channel-coded communications signals (c.c.s) for sensing. In this paper, we investigate the sensing performance of c.c.s in (multi-user) interference-limited operation, and show that it is limited by \emph{sidelobes} in the range-Doppler map, whose form depends on whether the c.c.s modulates a single-carrier or OFDM waveform. While uncoded communications signals -- comprising a block of $N$ i.i.d zero-mean symbols -- give rise to \emph{asymptotically} (i.e., as $N \rightarrow \infty$) \emph{zero sidelobes} due to the law of large numbers, it is not obvious that the same holds for c.c.s, as structured channel coding schemes (e.g., linear block codes) induce dependence across codeword symbols. In this paper, we show that c.c.s also give rise to asymptotically zero sidelobes -- for both single-carrier and OFDM waveforms -- by deriving upper bounds for the tail probabilities of the sidelobe magnitudes that decay as $\exp( - O(\mbox{code rate} \times \mbox{block length}))$. This implies that for any code rate, c.c.s are effective sensing signals that are robust to multi-user interference at \emph{sufficiently large} block lengths, with negligible difference in performance based on whether they modulate a single-carrier or OFDM waveform. We verify the latter implication through simulations, where we observe the sensing performance (characterized by the detection and false-alarm probabilities) of a QPSK-modulated c.c.s (code rate $= 120/1024$, block length $= 1024$ symbols) to match that of a comparable interference-free FMCW waveform even at high interference levels (signal-to-interference ratio of $-11{\rm dB}$), for both single-carrier and OFDM waveforms.</p>

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Section: Remark 13 (The Effectiveness Of Interleaving)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Sensing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensing using Coded Communications Signals

Aditya¹,

Dizdar²,

Clerckx³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…w i w H j h j,i x j,l denotes the interference among the BSs sharing the same sub-band. By applying point-wise division [4] and two-dimensional DFT (2D-DFT), the BS i can eliminate the impact of the communication data symbols x i,l and obtain the distance and speed information [22].…”

Section: Sensing Interference Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have been devoting their efforts to promoting the realization of ISAC technique [1]. As the waveform adopted by the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) [2], the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform has been used widely in modern communication systems, while it also has an excellent ambiguity function, which promotes its application in sensing [3,4,5]. Therefore, developing ISAC techniques based on OFDM waveform can simultaneously satisfy the communication requirement and provide sensing functionality with little change on the existing 5G systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Resource Allocation and User Association for Multi-Cell Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems

Zhang

Fei

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The densification of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, as well as integrating sensing and communication functionalities, have promoted the development of integrated-sensing-and-communication (ISAC) dense cellular networks (DCNs). In the OFDM-based ISAC-DCN, multiple base stations simultaneously serve mobile users and sense targets based on the echo of downlink (DL) communication signals. In this paper, focusing on the interference management of the ISAC-DCN, we investigate the multi-dimension resource allocation problem. In particular, we aim at maximizing the network utility by jointly optimizing sub-band allocation, user association, and transmission power under the sensing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraint. The problem is decomposed into three sub-problems. Subsequently, we propose a greedy genetic algorithm (GRGA) to solve the sub-band allocation sub-problem, and the Hungarian algorithm and successive convex approximation (SCA) technique are employed to execute user association and transmission power control, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network utility, achieves higher detection probability and illustrates the trade-off between sensing and communication performances.

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Hardware software SoC co‐design analysis and implementation of MIMO‐OFDM for 4G/5G/6G eNodeB applications

Dessai,

Patidar

2024

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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With the emerging challenges for the data rate requirements of 5G/6G applications and reusing the 4G infrastructure for 5G, it is necessary to understand the System‐on‐Chip (SoC) platform‐based embedded co‐design and implementation of the programmable and reconfigurable MIMO‐OFDM system. For both uplink and downlink data transmissions, these applications require a larger data throughput as well as reduced bit error rates, latency, and increased spectral efficiency. This work describes the co‐design and development of hardware and software for the MIMO‐OFDM algorithms for 5G and 6G eNodeBs. An efficient design through computer architecture based on pipeline and parallelization using systolic and CORDIC has been applied for the IP development of the sub‐components of the MIMO‐OFDM systems. A Zynq platform with computing resources including PS, Mali GPU‐400, and PL is utilized to increase the data rate for MIMO‐OFDM system architecture co‐design and implementation. The architecture approach used in this work enabled a data rate of 10–50 Gbps and beyond reaching Tbps based on the system's programmability and reconfigurability with an efficient SoC platform design. The design platform provides a programming feature such as MIMO‐OFDM, OFDM, and MIMO without OFDM through software programming for the range of applications of the desired data rates. With 64‐QAM modulation, the three channels' observed performance in the predicted multipath channel velocity of 15 km/h for pedestrians, vehicles, and AWGN is seen in simulation. To reach the application clock frequencies, the device's PLL (ZUI7EG) upscales and downscales clock frequencies from 750 to 1600 MHz using a configurable register. When the system is configured to operate as MIMO‐OFDM or OFDM in order to get an execution throughput of 300 msec and a data throughput ranging from 71 Gbps to 1749 Gbps using 2 × 2/4 × 4 configurations. The device scalability depends on at present devices of advanced embedded reconfigurable architecture platform. Massive MIMO and multi‐user MIMO will be used in the future to increase throughput and data rates. Additionally, future work will focus on creating a MIMO‐OFDM hardware‐software embedded architecture and testbed to enhance implementation and verification of the vehicle and pedestrian.

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Joint Communications and Sensing Employing Multi- or Single-Carrier OFDM Communication Signals: A Tutorial on Sensing Methods, Recent Progress and a Novel Design

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Sensing using Coded Communications Signals

Sensing using Coded Communications Signals

Joint Resource Allocation and User Association for Multi-Cell Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems

Hardware software SoC co‐design analysis and implementation of MIMO‐OFDM for 4G/5G/6G eNodeB applications

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