Joining of self-passivating W-Cr-Y alloy to ferritic-martensitic steel by hot isostatic pressing

Sal, E.; Prado, J. de; Sánchez, M.; Ureña, A.; Garcı́a-Rosales, C.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112499

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the other hand, the use of liquid state joining techniques usually reports higher interactions at the bonding interfaces. For example, I. Izaguirre et al reported copper penetration of the EUROFER97 grain boundary at the ERUFOER97/braze interface and the formation of a reaction layer at the W–braze interface, giving rise to a more complex microstructure [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shear test results presented herein have been compared with those obtained through alternative joining methods utilizing the same Cu interlayer by our research group. Higher shear strengths were achieved through brazing and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) techniques [ 33 , 36 , 37 ]. Specifically, brazing at 1135 °C for 10 min yielded a shear strength of approximately 220 MPa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring FAST Technique for Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten to EUROFERE97 in DEMO First Wall

Sánchez,

de Prado,

Izaguirre

et al. 2024

Materials

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The European Fusion Reactor (DEMO, Demonstration Power Plant) relies significantly on joining technologies in its design. Current research within the EUROfusion framework focuses on developing materials for the first wall and divertor applications, emphasizing the need for suitable joining processes, particularly for tungsten. The electric field-assisted sintering technique (FAST) emerges as a promising alternative due to its high current density, enabling rapid heating and cooling rates for fast sintering or joining. In this study, FAST was employed to join tungsten and EUROFERE97 steel, the chosen materials for the first wall, using 50-µm-thick Cu foils as interlayers. Three distinct joining conditions were tested at 980 °C for 2, 5, and 9 min at 41.97 MPa to optimize joint properties and assess FAST parameters influence. Hardness measurements revealed values around 450 HV0.1 for tungsten, 100 HV0.1 for copper, and 390 HV0.1 for EUROFER97 under all joining conditions. Increasing bonding time improved joint continuity along the EUROFER97/Cu and W/Cu interfaces. Notably, the 5 min bonding time resulted in the highest shear strength, while the 9 min sample exhibited reduced strength, possibly due to Kirkendall porosity accumulation at the EUROFER97/Cu interface. This porosity facilitated crack initiation and propagation, diminishing interfacial adhesion properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring FAST Technique for Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten to EUROFERE97 in DEMO First Wall

Sánchez,

de Prado,

Izaguirre

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Brazed parts feature robustness [48,49] along with a possibility of local repair of the small size components, such as the castellated block, in case of damage. Brazing attempts to join the SMART material were undertaken using a pure Cu braze and a Ni interlayer [50,51]. Several advantageous features of the SMART alloy compared to that of pure tungsten were revealed.…”

Section: Industrial Up-scale and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Self-Passivating Alloys for an Application under Extreme Conditions

Litnovsky

Klein

Tan

et al. 2021

Metals

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Self-passivating Metal Alloys with Reduced Thermo-oxidation (SMART) are under development for the primary application as plasma-facing materials for the first wall in a fusion DEMOnstration power plant (DEMO). SMART materials must combine suppressed oxidation in case of an accident and an acceptable plasma performance during the regular operation of the future power plant. Modern SMART materials contain chromium as a passivating element, yttrium as an active element and a tungsten base matrix. An overview of the research and development program on SMART materials is presented and all major areas of the structured R&D are explained. Attaining desired performance under accident and regular plasma conditions are vital elements of an R&D program addressing the viability of the entire concept. An impressive more than 104-fold suppression of oxidation, accompanied with more than 40-fold suppression of sublimation of tungsten oxide, was attained during an experimentally reproduced accident event with a duration of 10 days. The sputtering resistance under DEMO-relevant plasma conditions of SMART materials and pure tungsten was identical for conditions corresponding to nearly 20 days of continuous DEMO operation. Fundamental understanding of physics processes undergone in the SMART material is gained via fundamental studies comprising dedicated modeling and experiments. The important role of yttrium, stabilizing the SMART alloy microstructure and improving self-passivating behavior, is under investigation. Activities toward industrial up-scale have begun, comprising the first mechanical alloying with an industrial partner and the sintering of a bulk SMART alloy sample with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 7 mm using an industrial facility. These achievements open the way to further expansion of the SMART technology toward its application in fusion and potentially in other renewable energy sources such as concentrated solar power stations.

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