John Rawls

Abstract

John Rawls (1921–2002) is one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Contemporary political philosophy has been reshaped by his seminal ideas and most current work in the discipline is a response to them. This book introduces his central ideas and examines their contribution to contemporary political thought. In the first part of the book Catherine Audard focuses on Rawls’ conception of political and social justice and its justification as presented in his groundbreaking A Theory of Justice. This includes sustained examination of Rawls’ moral philosophy and its core thesis, the primacy of justice, the complex relation between Rawls’ views and utilitarianism, and his most famous concept, the Original Position Device. In the second half of the book, Audard explores Rawls’ more practical concerns for stability and political consensus, citizenship and international justice, and shows the continuity between these concerns and his earlier work. Throughout, Audard contextualizes Rawls’ ideas by giving a sense of their historical development, which underlines the intellectual cohesion of his thought. The move between ethics and politics so characteristic of Rawls’ work, and which makes for the richness of his philosophy, is shown to also create for it significant problems. John Rawls combines clear exposition with insightful analysis and provides an interpretative and critical framework that will help shape ongoing debates surrounding Rawls’ work.

The Dance of Reflexive Monitoring in a Family Co-Mediation Context

“…Foremost among these were the importance of well-developed communication and negotiation skills; “mediator compatibility” with comparable levels of training, expertise, and experience; the centrality of reflexive monitoring to the successful conduct of sessions; the roles of implicit modeling of problem solving, co-operation, and communication skills; the interrelated concepts of fairness and justice in achieving outcomes; and the vexed question of the restrictions imposed by cost factors. The link between justice and fairness, described by Rawls and further elucidated by Audard (2007), was introduced by the investigator into all the interviews.…”

Addressing the rise of inequalities: How relevant is Rawls's critique of welfare state capitalism?

“…WSC tends to overlook the dangers of concentration of capital for the fair value of political liberties , Rawls's part of the first principle of justice as fairness (Rawls, 2001, p. 51). The illusion of WSC stems from its misunderstanding of the connection between political institutions and economic policies (Audard, 2007, p. 103). In contrast, a point not always clarified enough by Rawls himself, the theory of justice as fairness requires that its principles work as a single normative program that aims at reducing unfair inequalities and addressing both their political and economic roots.…”

O contratualismo e a metáfora da construção em John Rawls

“…A dificuldade deste 1 Confira O'Neil (1989O'Neil ( , 1996O'Neil ( , 2003, Korsgaard (1996Korsgaard ( , 2003, Scanlon (1998). Mais recentemente, cito Catherine Audard (2007), Peri Roberts (2010), Sharon Street (2010), Anthony Simon Laden (2014), Aeron James (2014) e mesmo o naturalista moral David Copp (2013). Uma obra que merece destaque é a coletânea de textos editado por Carla Bagnoli sob o título Constructivism in Ethics (2013 No exemplo acima, assumiríamos com Rawls que a assertiva Não diga mentiras!…”