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Bendfeldt, Eric S.; Feldhake, C. M.; Burger, James A.

doi:10.1023/a:1013367224860

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Height of N. dombeyi seedlings was not affected by the use of tree shelters neither in the xeric site, and nor in the mesic site, at least until the second growing season (prior to the browsing effect). This result contrasted with those of several hardwood (Davies 1985;Tuley 1985;Gillespie et al 1996;Bendfeldt et al 2001;McCreary and Tecklin 2001;Dorji et al 2020) and conifer species (Ward et al 2000;Jacobs 2011), which had shown a pronounced positive impact on height with the use of tree shelters. It seems that our results agree with those of the authors who indicate that the net effect of tree shelters on plant growth appeared to be site-and/or species-dependent (Frearson and Weiss 1987;Potter 1988;Burger et al 1992;Buresti and Sestini 1994;Ward and Stephens 1995;West et al 1999;Ponder 2003;Famiani et al 2007;Puértolas et al 2010;Oliet and Jacobs 2007;Piñeiro et al 2013).…”

Section: Tree Shelters and Neighboring Vegetation Effects On Growthcontrasting

confidence: 67%

Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests

et al. 2022

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Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi are endemic species of the Andean-Patagonian forests of Argentina. Both species grow in either pure or mixed stands. In the last decades, several A. chilensis stands have been degraded by different disturbances that have compromised their natural regeneration. Plantation of seedlings of both species may be an alternative to help restore ecological, scenic and productive characteristics of these stands. In this study, we determined, in degraded A. chilensis stands grown in a xeric (≈ 690 mm.yr −1 ) and a mesic (≈ 984 mm.yr −1 ) site without canopy cover, the effects of tree shelters, the presence/absence of neighboring herbaceous vegetation, and the interaction between these factors on the performance (i.e. survival and growth) of planted N. dombeyi and A. chilensis seedlings, during four growing seasons. Results showed that tree shelters improved survival of N. dombeyi in the mesic site, and improved survival of both species in the xeric site. The removal of neighboring herbaceous vegetation improved the survival and diameter growth of both species at the xeric site, and improved the diameter growth of both species at the mesic site. By applying these planting technologies, both species could be successfully used for restoring highly degraded A. chilensis stands at mesic sites, while it is more advisable to use A. chilensis at xeric sites under open sky conditions.

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Section: Tree Shelters and Neighboring Vegetation Effects On Growthcontrasting

confidence: 67%

Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests

et al. 2022

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“…In a study on deer browsing in Connecticut, USA, Ward and Stephens [40] found that the height of black walnut was lower after three years of growth (than at planting) for those seedlings without shelters due to heavy browsing. Bendfelt et al [17] noted that in their study with black walnut and honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) in Virginia, deer tended to rub rather than browse the black walnut (whereas they browsed honeylocust). USFS [41] says of black walnut, "Deer browse on buds and rub antlers against young trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, our survival numbers for walnut seeds without shelter are comparable to those that have been found for chestnuts from seed with shelters planted on surface mine sites. Outside of surface-mined lands, Bendfelt et al [17] looked at bare-root black walnut seedlings in an agroforestry setting with and without the same kind of shelters we used (as well as a shorter poultry wire shelter) in Virginia, USA, and found no shelter effect as survival was near 100% in all treatments for the first three growing seasons included in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a high-value veneer quality timber and is also valuable as a wildlife and human food. In addition, it is commonly used in agroforestry (e.g., [17,18]) and conservation planting [19]. Black walnut has a unique chemistry, exuding a compound called juglone, which has been clearly linked to allelopathic properties (e.g., [20,21]), and which might serve as a natural deterrent to herbivores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reforesting Appalachian Surface Mines from Seed: A Five-Year Black Walnut Pilot Study

Hall

Barton

Sena

et al. 2019

Forests

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Research Highlights: We found promising success for black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) planted on a legacy surface mine. Our results indicate that direct seeding can be an effective restoration method, and that shelters may not be needed. Background and Objectives: Reforestation in the Appalachian coalfields has primarily relied on the planting of nursery stock late in the dormant season. This study examined the use of direct seeding during the fall, a practice that, if successful, could both reduce costs of planting and open up a new season for reforestation planting. Black walnut is of particular value for wildlife habitats, timber value, and even human nutrition. In addition, it normally occurs in diverse forests with rich soils of the region. Therefore, establishment on previously surface-mined lands may indicate a positive successional trajectory and resilience. Materials and Methods: This study took place in eastern Kentucky, USA, on a site that was surface mined from 1996 to 2000 and subsequently reclaimed as a wildlife habitat. In 2010, the site was decompacted according to the Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) by deep ripping with a bulldozer, and in November 2011, a 2 × 2 factorial experiment was initiated to compare the growth of walnut trees planted either by seed or as one-year seedlings, and either with or without tree shelters. Each treatment (four total: Unsheltered Seedling, Sheltered Seedling, Unsheltered Seed, and Sheltered Seed) had three replicate plots of 17 × 9 m, with 50 seeds or seedlings planted per plot. Measurements (survival, height, diameter, and volume) were made in 2012, 2013, and 2016. Effects of planting type and shelter presence, as well as their interaction, were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: Planting type was significant for all measurements in the first two years (seedlings > seed), but this difference was largely diminished by 2016. There was a significant interaction of the two main effects, such that shelters benefited (or did not affect) those trees planted as seedlings, but hindered those planted from seed.

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“…Such species may be advantageous as they have relatively fast growth rates, open canopies, and phenologies that reduce competition with the growth of cool-season forages. Their root systems can stabilize soil and improve nutrient capture and recycling, their canopies provide shade to animals and produce nuts and fodder (e.g., leaves and edible seed pods), and their timber has market value or potential for numerous farm uses (Bendfeldt et al 2001). While the greater complexity of the silvopastures versus open pasture systems suggests they could significantly enhance soil health, little is known regarding the effects of silvopastoral management on soil health parameters-specifically when integrating black walnut and honeylocust trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of open pasture to hardwood silvopasture enhanced soil health of an ultisol

et al. 2022

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glomalin-related soil protein, soil enzymatic activities, and microbial community structure. The soil OM content in HSP (64 g kg −1 ) was greater (p < 0.05) than BSP and OP (55 g kg −1 ). The BSP soils had about 45% and 52% more (p < 0.05) microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen than OP soils. The HSP soils had 60% greater (p < 0.05) microbial biomass nitrogen than OP soils. The BSP supported greater (p < 0.05) β-glucosidase and urease activities than the HSP and OP treatments, while greater (p < 0.05) β-glucosidase activity was measured in HSP than OP. Total phospholipid-derived fatty acid and actinomycetes abundance were greater (p < 0.001) in OP compared to BSP and HSP while the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi abundance was greater (p < 0.05) in OP than in HSP. These findings indicate that black walnut and honeylocust trees in the silvopastures with proper management can improve certain soil health parameters over time depending on tree characteristics and the age of the system.

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Untitled

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests

Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests

Reforesting Appalachian Surface Mines from Seed: A Five-Year Black Walnut Pilot Study

Conversion of open pasture to hardwood silvopasture enhanced soil health of an ultisol

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