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Red mud waste/nanoclay/polystyrene‐modified epoxy hybrid composites: Mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties

“…The reason for this can be explained by the fact that the degree of curing may be higher, both because EPN resin contains more epoxy and IPOX EH 2041 contains more amine groups. To determine this, FT-IR analysis of uncured and cured epoxy resins with 40% by weight IPOX EH 2041 was performed (Figure 2a-d), and their degree of curing was calculated by Equation (1). The peak in the 828 cm À1 regions and the vibration peak of two adjacent hydrogen atoms of the benzene ring may overlap, therefore, the band at 913 cm À1 belonging to the epoxy group is taken into account.…”

“…Some of the important properties of thermoplastics, such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical can be improved by mixing them with thermosets. In turn, thermoplastics also increase thermosets' impact resistance, adhesion, printability, and paintability 1,2 . Epoxy is a brittle thermoset resin despite its high performance in many properties but is widely used as a highly cross‐linked material in many applications where special performances are required.…”

“…In turn, thermoplastics also increase thermosets' impact resistance, adhesion, printability, and paintability. 1,2 Epoxy is a brittle thermoset resin despite its high performance in many properties but is widely used as a highly cross-linked material in many applications where special performances are required. For example, its mechanical properties, especially fracture toughness, must be improved to consider epoxy suitable for aircraft applications.…”

Blocked isocyanates: from analytical and experimental considerations to non-polyurethane applications

“…Moreover, vaporization of the sample during DSC analysis could potentially affect the results through altering of the signal to noise ratio, with Tabaddor et al demonstrating that evaporation of cure products during analysis of a thermoset material resulted in significant noise, rendering the process more difficult to monitor. 41 Moreover, the evaporation of a blocking agent has been shown to have an influence on the blocking/deblocking equilibrium (favoring the production of free isocyanate), therefore generating inconsistencies in results and potentially limiting the applicability of both DSC and TGA. 42 This problem of evaporation can partly be solved, however, through the use of a sealed pan, though this may itself pose a problem in the form of the pan breaking apart in the cell of the instrument.…”

Curing Kinetics of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Modified with Sodium Silicate

“…The Kissinger method uses the relationship between the peak temperature and heating rates to determine kinetic parameters. The properties of the cured resin are essential in the study of adhesive properties, and there are also many reports about the cure behavior of the PF resin and its curing kinetic [7][8][9].The behavior of the PF resin can influence the stability of the adhesive layer, diffusivity of the resin, and the penetrating power to the wood. Fragility, hot-pressing craft and the physical properties of the wooden products are also limited by the curing behavior of the PF resin [10].…”