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Abstract

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Special Population norms are presented for four groups of individuals with autism: (a) mute children under 10 years of age; (b) children with at least some verbal skills under 10 years of age; (c) mute individuals who are 10 years of age or older; and (d) individuals with at least some verbal skills who are 10 years of age or older. The sample included 684 autistic individuals ascertained from cases referred for the DSM-IV autism/PDD field trial collaborative study and five university sites with expertise in autism. Young children had higher standard scores than older individuals across all Vineland domains. In the Communication domain, younger verbal children were least impaired, older mute individuals most impaired, and younger mute and older verbal individuals in the midrange. Verbal individuals achieved higher scores in Daily Living Skills than mute individuals. The expected profile of a relative weakness in Socialization and relative strength in Daily Living Skills was obtained with age-equivalent but not standard scores. Results high-light the importance of employing Vineland special population norms as well as national norms when evaluating individuals with autism.

Dimensional Structure of the Autism Phenotype: Relations Between Early Development and Current Presentation

“…The VABS is sensitive to severity of impairments in ASD (Carter et al 1998;Klin et al 2007;Saulnier and Klin 2007).…”

Brief Report: The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders at Different Cognitive Levels

“…The analyses build upon existing research that has reported on the relationship between cognitive and adaptive levels (e.g., Bolte and Poustka 2002), examined profiles on the VABS within samples with autism (e.g., Carter et al 1998), compared VABS scores for individuals with autism to those of other diagnostic groups (e.g., Volkmar et al 1987), and reported on the relationship among adaptive functioning, developmental level, and severity of autism symptomatology in individuals with ASD (e.g., Liss et al 2001). …”

“…Examining scores on individual domains of the VABS, it has been suggested that individuals with autism have a distinct profile on the VABS, with highest scores in Motor (if administered) and Daily Living, lowest scores in Socialization, and intermediate scores in Communication (Kraijer 2000;Sparrow et al 2005). In the largest study of its kind, Carter et al (1998) examined adaptive behavior profiles in a sample of 684 children and adults with autism, breaking their sample into four groups based on age (under 10 vs. 10 years and older) and language ability (verbal and nonverbal). Most groups demonstrated the expected ''autism profile'' of higher Daily Living Skills, lower Socialization scores, and intermediate Communication scores when age equivalent scores were used.…”

“…In addition, age has been reported to be positive correlated with VABS age equivalent scores (e.g., Carter et al 1998;Klin et al 2007) and standard scores (Liss et al 2001). However, some research suggests that age is negatively correlated with VABS standard scores, at least in some domains (e.g., Carter et al 1998;Fenton et al 2003;Klin et al 2007;Szatmari et al 2003).…”

“…However, some research suggests that age is negatively correlated with VABS standard scores, at least in some domains (e.g., Carter et al 1998;Fenton et al 2003;Klin et al 2007;Szatmari et al 2003). Negative correlations between age and VABS standard scores may indicate several things.…”