Javanese Speech Levels

Poedjosoedarmo, Soepomo

doi:10.2307/3350711

Cited by 61 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Someone who has a deeper grasp of education or has high social status is supposed to show even more refined manners . The Javanese concepts of politeness link speech to manner, thus one's higher degree of language politeness is always accompanied by a more elaborated manner (Poedjosoedarmo, 1968). Javanese language politeness is shown through its three different speech levels: kròmò (high/ polite and formal), madyò (middle/ intermediate), and ngókó (low/ informal).…”

Section: Javanese and Indonesianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The speech levels, which sometimes are also referred to as 'registers' and 'styles' are indicated by different sets of lexicons and "choice of affixes" (Poedjosoedarmo, 1968, p. 57). 5 Earlier studies on Javanese are mostly interested in the standard form of the language, which is mostly spoken in Central Java (Poedjosoedarmo, 1968;Wolff & Poedjosoedarmo, 1982). Within this area, including cities such as Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Javanese speakers maintain the use of three different speech levels in everyday speech.…”

Section: Javanese and Indonesianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, there are a large number of choices for first and second personal pronouns, or nouns that can be used as second personal pronouns. The use of certain personal pronouns can express different degrees of politeness (Poedjosoedarmo, 1968). In his classic work on Standard/Central Javanese, Poedjosoedarmo (1968, p. 55) mentions the word 'kawulo' (literally meaning 'subject') and 'abdi dalem' (literally meaning 'your servant' [Sic]) as examples of different forms available for first personal pronouns.…”

Section: Javanese and Indonesianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bòsò Walikan Malang’s Address Practices

Yannuar

Iragiliati

Zen

2017

GEMA

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Address practices in natural conversations are sociolinguistically significant, because they display speakers' socio-cultural values as well as the community's social structure and social change. Focusing on Bòsò Walikan Malang 1 (/bɔsɔ waliʔan malaŋan/, hereafter referred to as Walikan), a youth language spoken in Malang, this paper examines how address terms and politeness are practiced in a multilingual setting. Walikan is a colloquial variety of local Javanese and Indonesian that features word reversing (mlaku > uklam 'to walk'; makan > nakam 'to eat'). The youth language was specifically chosen as the focus of this study because it is an important symbol of the socio-cultural identity of the Arema (Arek Malang; the people of Malang). Looking at the underexplored topic of speech levels in youth language, the current research discusses the value of Walikan's address terms and how they are currently used to demonstrate the speakers' linguistic politeness. The analysis compares Walikan's address terms with those of Javanese and Indonesian, two dominant languages spoken in the area. Data for the current study were drawn from recordings, interviews, and observations conducted in an extensive fieldwork. The results of this study reveal a speakers' shift of value that is mainly prompted by a compromised common ground and social distance. The study argues that address practices in Walikan show different degree of politeness than that of Javanese and Indonesian.

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Section: Javanese and Indonesianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Javanese and Indonesianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Javanese and Indonesianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bòsò Walikan Malang’s Address Practices

Yannuar

Iragiliati

Zen

2017

GEMA

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“…This speech level differs Sundanese and Javanese from other local languages in Indonesia. For instance, the word dahar 'to eat' in Sundanese is used to close friends or relatives of similar age, by adults to children, or among colleagues in informal situations, while in Javanese dhahar 'to eat' this word is only spoken to show respect towards a speaker's audience, between colleagues in formal settings, children to adults, or between strangers at the start of a conversation (Poedjosoedarmo, 1968). Despite those differences, Sundanese and Javanese shared 42,5 percent of their core vocabularies based on lexicostatistics (A. Purwitasari, University of Hamburg, Germany, research paper poster presentation).…”

Section: Introduction:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Map in the Bordering Region of Two Malay-Polynesian Languages.

Purwitasari¹

2018

IJAR

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“…Meanwhile, krama speech level is normally used by (1) a junior to a senior, (2) a senior to a senior of higher social power, and (3) a junior to a junior of higher social power [1]. Meanwhile, "…, every speaker of Javanese, regardless of his social status or geographical origin, uses all of the speech levels, each level in the appropriate situation depending upon whom he is addressing" [2] How to cite this article: Sukarno, (2018) However, there is one speech form that is now considered "archaic." This is referred to as Bahasa Bagongan or Bahasa Kedaton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Comprehensibility of Javanese as Used by Master of Ceremony (Pranatacara)

Sukarno¹

2018

KSS

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The current study is aimed at examining the level of comprehensibility of Javanese as used by a pranatacara with a particular emphasis on the young generation of Javanese. In one wedding reception, 50 people, aged ( judging from their appearance) between 20 and 35 years old, were interviewed on how much they understood the Javanese spoken by the master of ceremony (pranatacara). The criteria for assessment were set as: (1) fully understood, (2) partly understood, and (3) did not understand.The findings indicate that most of the subjects (74%) partly understood, 10% fully understood, and the rest (16%) did not understand. The reasons for comprehensibility varied from one subject to another. As a local language of high cultural heritage, Javanese has to be preserved in all its manifestations. As a preliminary research, this does not fully describe the real situation. Other studies must be conducted, employing different methods, subjects, and settings. However, it is important that special steps be undertaken to preserve Javanese as a local language of high cultural heritage.

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Javanese Speech Levels

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Bòsò Walikan Malang’s Address Practices

Bòsò Walikan Malang’s Address Practices

Language Map in the Bordering Region of Two Malay-Polynesian Languages.

A Study of Comprehensibility of Javanese as Used by Master of Ceremony (Pranatacara)

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