Jasmonates act with salicylic acid to confer basal thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

Summary• The cpr5-1 Arabidopsis thaliana mutant exhibits constitutive activation of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signalling pathways and displays enhanced tolerance of heat stress (HS).• cpr5-1 crossed with jar1-1 (a JA-amino acid synthetase) was compromised in basal thermotolerance, as were the mutants opr3 (mutated in OPDA reductase3) and coi1-1 (affected in an E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box; a key JA-signalling component). In addition, heating wild-type Arabidopsis led to the accumulation of a range of jasmonates: JA, 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) and a JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) conjugate. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate protected wild-type Arabidopsis from HS.• Ethylene was rapidly produced during HS, with levels being modulated by both JA and SA. By contrast, the ethylene mutant ein2-1 conferred greater thermotolerance.• These data suggest that JA acts with SA, conferring basal thermotolerance while ET may act to promote cell death.

Transient Heat Stress Compromises the Resistance of Wheat (Poales: Poaceae) Seedlings to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation

“…OPDAÕs roles in plant resistance to insect parasites have been recognized in recent years (Stintzi et al 2001;Zhu et al 2010aZhu et al , 2011; however, few studies related OPDA to plant responses to heat stress. Clarke et al (2009) reported that applying heat stress on Arabidopsis caused increased accumulation of OPDA, which is inconsistent with our results. The discrepancy could be attributed to the difference in species of the plants used in the study or the tissue types collected for analysis.…”

“…Many phytohormones regulating plant defense responses to parasites are also involved in plant responses to heat stress. For example, pretreatment of plants with salicylic acid (SA) increases basal thermotolerance of Arabidopsis (Larkindale et al 2005); the cpr5Ð1 mutant exhibiting constitutive activation of SA, jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, displays enhanced tolerance to heat stress (Clarke et al 2009); applying wild-type Arabidopsis with heat stress leads to increased accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) along with JA and a JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) conjugate in the plants (Clarke et al 2009). Fatty acids are biosynthetic precursors of JA and OPDA, and they are degradation products of membrane lipids that are sensitive to various stress factors (Kachroo and Kachroo 2009).…”

Diverse Responses Are Involved in the Defence of Arabidopsis thaliana against Turnip Crinkle Virus

“…Furthermore, there is extensive crosstalk between plant hormone signaling pathways, such as a large number of reports suggested that the SA and JA/ET defence pathways are mutually antagonistic. However, evidence of synergistic interactions has also been reported (Van Wees et al, 2000;Clarke et al, 2009). In addition abscisic acid (ABA) has recently emerged as a key determinant in the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions.…”

Moderate abiotic stresses increase rhizome growth and outgrowth of axillary buds in Alstroemeria cultured in vitro

“…After the HWT, the explants were grown on standard medium for 4 weeks Fig. 4 Rhizome propagation of explants treated with a HWT at increasing temperatures for 1 or 2 h. After the HWT, the explants were grown on standard medium containing 9 lM BA for 4 weeks molecules which have been reported to regulate plant responses to heat stress include abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (Larkindale and Huang 2005), calcium ions (Knight 2000), and jasmonic acid (Clarke et al 2009). Among these signaling molecules, abscisic acid (Kim et al 1994), ethylene and jasmonic acid (Jásik and De Klerk 2006;Rayirath et al 2011) play an important role in plant storage organ formation.…”