Transient Heat Stress Compromises the Resistance of Wheat (Poales: Poaceae) Seedlings to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation

Abstract

Heat stress exerts a profound impact on the resistance of plants to parasites. In this research, we investigated the impact of an acute transient heat stress on the resistance of the wheat line ÔMolly,Õ which contains the R gene H13, to an avirulent Hessian ßy (Mayetiola destructor (Say)) population. We found that a signiÞcant portion of Molly seedlings stressed at 40ЊC for 6 h during or after the initial Hessian ßy larval attack became susceptible to otherwise avirulent insects, whereas unstressed control plants remained 100% resistant. SpeciÞcally, 77.8, 73.3, 83.3, and 46.7% of plants heat stressed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively, after the initial larval attack became susceptible. Biochemical analysis revealed that heat stress caused a transient decrease in 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, but an increase in salicylic acid accumulation in Molly plants. The change in phytohormones after heat stress and Hessian ßy infestation was not observed in ÔNewton,Õ a near-isogenic but Hessian ßy susceptible wheat line. Instead, heat stress caused a relatively prolonged reduction in palmitoleic acid. The role of phytohormones in heat-induced loss of wheat resistance was discussed.

Responses of the tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeoniaceae) cultivar ‘Yu Hong’ to heat stress revealed by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics

“…Heat stress, even for a short period of time, may alter plant metabolism, which in turn may affect plant responses to stress [ 76 , 77 ]. Because nitrogen is a fundamental component of amino acid composition and serves a variety of other activities, it is an important factor in influencing plant development and stress resistance [ 78 ].…”

Confronting Climate Change Challenges to Dryland Cereal Production: A Call for Collaborative, Transdisciplinary Research, and Producer Engagement

“…Attempts to incorporate disease and insect effects into model projections presents challenges because responses by individual pests, weeds, and diseases can arise from direct effects on agent physiology, behavior, and phenology that influence geographic range, reproduction and mortality impacts (Juroszek and Von Tiedemann, 2015). Drivers include seasonal warming and increasing atmospheric [CO 2 ] on pest fecundity and population dynamics (Dyer et al, 2013), shifts in geographic or elevational ranges of pests (Bebber et al, 2013;Bebber, 2015), expression of plant resistance factors affecting pests (Tyler and Hatchett, 1983;Currie et al, 2014), acceleration of pest resistance to pesticides and Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) genetically engineered crops (Venugopal and Dively, 2017), changes to feeding behavior, phenology, and voltinism (Ziter et al, 2012), and alterations to trophic interactions and biological control mechanisms (Gillespie et al, 2013;Romo and Tylianakis, 2013;Eigenbrode et al, 2015).…”

The impact of climate change on wheat insect pests: current knowledge and future trends

“…temperaturedependent resistance to fungal pathogens [Barrett et al, 2009]). Indeed, the effectiveness of at least one Hessian fl y resistance gene is weakened in plants exposed to heat stress near the time of insect attack (Zhu et al, 2010;Currie et al, 2014). These effects have not been widely documented, and the mechanisms are unclear, but merit further study.…”

“…come into play include direct effects of warming and increasing atmospheric CO 2 on pest fecundity and population dynamics (Dyer et al, 2013), shifts in geographic or elevational ranges of pests (Bebber et al, 2013;Bebber, 2015), expression of plant resistance factors affecting pests (Tyler and Hatchett, 1983;Currie et al, 2014), changes to feeding behaviour, phenology and voltinism (Ziter et al, 2012), and alterations to trophic interactions and biological control mechanisms (Gutierrez et al, 2008;Romo and Tylianakis, 2013;Thomson et al, 2010;Gillespie, et al 2013;Eigenbrode et al, 2015).…”