Japan: Super-Aging Society Preparing for the Future

Muramatsu, Naoko; Akiyama, Hiroko

doi:10.1093/geront/gnr067

Cited by 408 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Another factor is Japan's population which increased from 82 million (1950) to a peak of 128 million (2010) but is now in decline. Rural regions face particular demographic challenges due to shrinking, ageing populations (Matanle, 2006;Muramatsu & Akiyama, 2011), and the post-1991 downturn in visitation also coincides with the economic stagnation which followed the bursting of the real estate bubble, epitomized by the 1987 Resort Law plan to convert nearly 40,000 km 2 (11 per cent of Japan's total landmass) into purpose-built rural resorts (Havens, 2011). By 1992, '39 per cent of the 77 designated infrastructure hubs and 83.8 per cent of the planned 2,046 special facilities were incomplete or abandoned' (Oura, 2008).…”

Section: Domestic Visitor Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring nature-based tourism trends in Japan’s national parks: Mixed messages from domestic and inbound visitors

Jones¹,

Ohsawa²

2016

PARKS

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Section: Domestic Visitor Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring nature-based tourism trends in Japan’s national parks: Mixed messages from domestic and inbound visitors

Jones¹,

Ohsawa²

2016

PARKS

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“…The aging population in Japan has increased and continues to increase at a phenomenal rate unequaled in any other country [1]. This phenomenon signifies that the population of older persons and in particular those with dementia are also continually increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of the Transactive Relationship Theory of Nursing (TRETON): A Nursing Engagement Model for Persons and Humanoid Nursing Robots

Tanioka¹

2017

Int J Nurs Clin Pract

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Background: Precise nursing actions assure quality human health care. However, such actions are often identified as low-level health care work thereby delegated as tasks that only need completion. With the Japanese elderly population increasing at a phenomenal rate, these types of nursing actions are critically demanded. As a health care practice problem leading to labor shortages in health care settings specifically among nurses and direct health caregivers, Japan has made a national commitment focused on developing healthcare robots to respond to the nursing care demands of the older adult population. Transactive relationships are necessary in human and robot nurse-patient interactions. How will human persons and humanoid nursing robots (HNRs) relate with each other? Research on robots assisting patient care is needed to reduce human-dependent activities thereby sanctioning human nurses' focus on direct human caring relationships. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the Transactive Relationship Theory of Nursing (TRETON) for nursing engagements between HNRs and human persons. Methods: Theory development and Systematic Review of Literature focused on the phenomenon of healthcare engagements, humanoid robots, and nursing practice. Specifically, the metaparadigms of Nursing provided the procedural theoretical structures. Results/Findings: The TRETON is the product of theory development. Nursing encounters between humanoid nursing robots and human persons in transactive interactions were described within the metaparadigms of person, nursing, environment, and health. Conclusion:The TRETON is a middle-range theory of nursing guiding nursing practice focused on the relationship between human persons and humanoid nursing robots. It endorses two critical nursing questions, i.e., if the nature of HNRs is to assume human caring practices to promote human health and well-being, will this nature matter to nursing care of human persons? What will engender the nature of the transaction between human persons and HNRs in 21st century ontology of nursing? Original ArticleOpen Access IntroductionThe aging population in Japan has increased and continues to increase at a phenomenal rate unequaled in any other country [1]. This phenomenon signifies that the population of older persons and in particular those with dementia are also continually increasing. It is predicted that by the year 2025, one out of every ten older adults will suffer from dementia [2]. In addition, the declining birth rate associated with the aging society has similarly contributed to this changing population demographic structure [3].Also, while the aging population is increasing, the working-age group has not caught up with the trend. This situation has expectedly become a serious social problem, leading to labor shortages, particularly within health care settings. Reacting to this phenomenon, Japan has made a national commitment focused on the development of healthcare robots especially for the older adult population [4]...

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“…At the same time, fertility rates have gone down across the developed world (Worldbank 2016). Countries like Japan, where life expectancy now stretches to the mid-80s, and birth rates are at record lows, are facing significant social and economic problems as a result of their 'super-aging' populations (Muramatsu and Akiyama 2011). If the elderly spend the last decades of their lives requiring near-constant nursing and medical care and if there is a rapidly shrinking younger population coming up behind them, who will pay for it all?…”

Section: Introduction -Unemployment In An Aging Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a Post-work Utopia: Technological Unemployment, Life Extension, and the Future of Human Flourishing

Danaher

2017

Surviving the Machine Age

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Populations in developed societies are rapidly aging: fertility rates are at all-time lows while life expectancy creeps ever higher. This is triggering a social crisis in which shrinking youth populations are required to pay for the care and retirements of an aging majority. Some people argue that by investing in the right kinds of lifespan extension technology -the kind that extends the healthy and productive phases of life -we can avoid this crisis (thereby securing a 'longevity dividend'). This chapter argues that this longevity dividend is unlikely to be paid if lifespan extension coincides with rampant technological unemployment. This does not mean that we should not pursue lifespan extension, but it does mean that the argument in its favor needs to rest on other grounds. After articulating these grounds, the chapter proceeds to consider the implications this has for our vision of the extended life, postwork utopia. It argues that this vision may need to be reconceived and suggests that one plausible reconception involves prioritizing the role of games in the well-lived life.

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Japan: Super-Aging Society Preparing for the Future

Cited by 408 publications

References 4 publications

Monitoring nature-based tourism trends in Japan’s national parks: Mixed messages from domestic and inbound visitors

Monitoring nature-based tourism trends in Japan’s national parks: Mixed messages from domestic and inbound visitors

The Development of the Transactive Relationship Theory of Nursing (TRETON): A Nursing Engagement Model for Persons and Humanoid Nursing Robots

Building a Post-work Utopia: Technological Unemployment, Life Extension, and the Future of Human Flourishing

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