IVIG to prevent recurrent spontaneous abortion

Ciprofloxacin Affects Pregnancy Loss in CBA/JxDBA/2J Mice Possibly via Elevation of Interleukin‐3 and Granulocyte Macrophage‐Colony Stimulating Factor Production

“…Immunization of women suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss by diverse means such as paternal or third party leukocytes or immunoglobulins was found to be successful in preventing fetal demise. 3,10,11 Similar results were obtained in the resorption-prone CBA/JxDBA/2J mouse model, which mimics human fetal loss, where immunization with paternal or third party leukocytes carrying the pater-nal MHC haplotype resulted in a decreased resorption rate. 1,12 -14 Also, nonspecific immunomodulation with CFA was shown by us to decrease fetal loss in the CBA/JxDBA/2J model, an effect that was associated with an increased number of Mac-1-positive cells in the spleen and placenta and an increased production of IL-1.…”

Intravenous immunoglobulin in the prevention of recurrent miscarriage

“…immunoglobulin infusions during their next pregnancy, the success rate was 82% (Mueller‐Eckhardt et al 1989). A follow‐up study (Mueller‐Eckhardt et al 1991) as well as data from other investigators (Coulam et al 1991; Marzusch et al 1991; Reznikoff‐Etievant et al 1991; Christiansen et al 1992; E. Dupont, personal communication) confirmed these results. It must be kept in mind, however, that the probability of a successful pregnancy in women with a history of three miscarriages is about 60% without any treatment (Scott et al 1987; Regan 1988; Parazzini et al 1988).…”

“…In fact, several uncontrolled studies have shown that i.v. immunoglobulin treatment is as effective as leucocyte therapy for the prevention of recurrent miscarriage (Mueller‐Eckhardt et al 1989, 1991; Coulam et al 1991; Marzusch et al 1991; Reznikoff‐Etiévant et al 1991; Christiansen et al 1992; E. Dupont 1993 personal communication). Intravenous immunoglobulin provides several advantages as compared to leucocytes: it minimises the risk of side‐effects, viral infection and human leucocyte antigen immunisation, and treatment is only required in confirmed pregnancies, thus avoiding unnecessary medication in otherwise healthy individuals.…”

The Influence of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment on Maternal Immunity in Women With Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage

“…Mueller-Eckhardt et al 7,8 reported the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for couples with a history of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. They concluded the effect of IVIG is comparable to that of conventional immunotherapy but has the advantage of avoiding the risk of transmitting infections and/or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) immunization, and is applicable to "nonresponders' in terms of "passive" immunization.…”