iTRAQ-BASED Proteomic Analysis of the Mechanism of Fructose on Improving Fengycin Biosynthesis in Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens

Abstract

Fengycin, as a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, displays potent activity against filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and Soft-rot fungus, which exhibits a wide range of potential applications in food industries, agriculture, and medicine. To better clarify the regulatory mechanism of fructose on fengycin biosynthesis, the iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was utilized to investigate the differentially expressed proteins of B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 cultivated in ML (without fructose) and MLF (with fructose) medium. The results indicated that a total of 811 proteins, including 248 proteins with differential expression levels (162 which were upregulated (fold > 2) and 86, which were downregulated (fold <0.5) were detected, and most of the proteins are associated with cellular metabolism, biosynthesis, and biological regulation process. Moreover, the target genes’ relative expression was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR to validate the proteomic analysis results. Based on the results of proteome analysis, the supposed pathways of fructose enhancing fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 can be summarized as improvement of the metabolic process, including cellular amino acid and amide, fatty acid biosynthesis, peptide and protein, nucleotide and nucleobase-containing compound, drug/toxin, cofactor, and vitamin; reinforcement of peptide/protein translation, modification, biological process, and response to a stimulus. In conclusion, this study represents a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the fructose mechanism on improving fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens, which will provide a road map to facilitate the potential application of fengycin or its homolog in defending against filamentous fungi.

Isolation of a potential probiotic strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciensLPB‐18 and identification of antimicrobial compounds responsible for inhibition of food‐borne pathogens

“…In addition, the main antibacterial lipopeptide fengycins were (Gimenez et al, 2021;Lu et al, 2021), which was consistent with the strain LPB-18 antimicrobial spectrum.…”

“…According to previous reports, the lipopeptide was recognized as fengycin isoforms, including fengycin A (C 16 – C 17 ) and fengycin B (C 15 – C 17 ). Many studies have shown that fengycin has effective antifungal activity, especially filamentous pathogenic fungi (Gimenez et al, 2021 ; Lu et al, 2021 ), which was consistent with the strain LPB‐18 antimicrobial spectrum. The fengycin is composed of a β‐hydroxy fatty acyl chain and a decapeptide with eight kinds of amino acids and displays potent activity against filamentous fungi and bacteria (Tang et al, 2014 ; Vanittanakom et al, 1986 ).…”

Transcriptome Analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Reveals Fructose Addition Effects on Fengycin Synthesis

“…The lipopeptide synthesis process starts with connecting amino acids in a circular polypeptide structure under the action of NRPS synthetase and then combining with fatty acids to form an amphiphilic molecule [ 17 ]. Our previous research demonstrated the promoted production of fengycin by adding fructose to the medium [ 18 ]. The transcriptome results illustrated that adding fructose increased the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and serine biosynthesis.…”

Antifungal activities of Bacillus velezensis FJAT‐52631 and its lipopeptides against anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum

“…Among the above lipopeptides, the iturins were reported to display strong antifungal activities against a wide variety of yeasts and filamentous fungi [20,21]; the fengcyins exhibit specially antifungal activity against filamentous fungi and the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum [20][21][22]; while the surfactins show strong antibacterial and antiviral activities with limited antifungal activities [20,21]. It was reported that the Bacillus lipopeptides could effectively suppress the growth of fruit postharvest pathogens, such as C. acutatum [23], Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [24], Peronophythora litchi [25], Botrytis cinerea [26], Penicillium digitatum [27], Aspergillus flavus [28], Alternaria alternata [29], and Cladosporium cladosporioides [14], thus being high potential as biopesticides to control fruit rot.…”