Transcriptome Analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Reveals Fructose Addition Effects on Fengycin Synthesis

Abstract

Fengycin is a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus that has a strong inhibitory effect on filamentous fungi; however, its use is restricted due to poor production and low yield. Previous studies have shown that fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens was found to be significantly increased after fructose addition. This study investigated the effect of fructose on fengycin production and its regulation mechanism in B. amyloliquefaciens by transcriptome sequencing. According to the RNA sequencing data, 458 genes were upregulated and 879 genes were downregulated. Transcriptome analysis results showed that fructose changed the transcription of amino acid synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and energy metabolism; alterations in these metabolic pathways contribute to the synthesis of fengycin. In an MLF medium (modified Landy medium with fructose), the expression level of the fengycin operon was two-times higher than in an ML medium (modified Landy medium). After fructose was added to B. amyloliquefaciens, the fengycin-synthesis-associated genes were activated in the process of fengycin synthesis.

Identification and functional analysis of non-coding regulatory small RNA FenSr3 in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LPB-18

“…Specifically, RT-qPCR was used to determine the results of RNA-seq, and the genes of 16s rRNA were used as the reference to normalize the expression of examined genes. The specific procedure of RT-qPCR was performed according to Lu et al (2022) . The relative fold change of the target gene expression was evaluated by the calculation of 2 −ΔΔCt .…”

“…It also shows application potential in food preservation and feed fermentation( Lai, Luo & Zhu, 2020 ; WoldemariamYohannes et al, 2020 ). Fengycin is a class of antimicrobial peptides secreted by B. amyloliquefaciens, which consist of a β -hydroxy fatty acyl chain and a decapeptide ( Lu et al, 2021 ; Lu et al, 2022 ). The amphipathic structure facilitates emulsification, solubilization, detergency, and sterilization, thus underscoring its importance in industrial applications ( Santos, Silveira & Pereira, 2019 ).…”

“…However, a poor yield remains a bottleneck for wider commercial and practical applications ( He et al, 2021 ). Through transcriptome and proteome analysis, we previously explored the mechanism of the positive effects of fructose on fengycin biosynthesis ( Lu et al, 2021 ; Lu et al, 2022 ). Sun et al (2021) demonstrated that the biosynthesis of fengycin in B. amyloliquefaciens fmbJ was positively regulated by the genes codY , comA , and spo0A .…”

Complete genome sequencing of Bacillus cabrialesii TE3T: A plant growth-promoting and biological control agent isolated from wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) in the Yaqui Valley

“…Additionally, the complete genome of Bacillus cabrialesii TE3 T was analyzed using antiSMASH version 7.0 under default parameters ( Blin et al., 2021 ), to identify biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) related to biocontrol activity (supplementary Table 2). This resulted in the identification of seven putative BGCs: i) Fengycin (100%), a cyclic lipopeptide, with broad antibacterial activity and antagonistic activity against filamentous fungi, low hemolysis, and safe degradation, with a vast potential in agriculture ( Villa-Rodríguez et al., 2021 ; Lu et al., 2022 ); ii) Bacilysin (100%), a dipeptide antibiotic compound and a signaling molecule either directly or indirectly affecting various cellular functions, as including spore quality and has a wide range of antagonistic activity against fungi and bacteria ( Islam et al., 2022 ); iii) Subtilosin A (100%), a ribosomally produced bacteriocin with antimicrobial bioactivity ( Venkatasamy et al., 2021 ); iv) Bacillibactin (100%), an archetypal triscatetolate siderophore known for its high affinity for iron (Fe 3+ ) compared to other siderophores, playing a key role in iron chelation and overall plant immunity towards various pathogens ( Lalitha and Nithyapriya, 2021 ); v) Bacillaene (100%), a polypeptide with antimicrobial and inhibition effects on biofilm formation ( Erega et al., 2021 ); vi) Surfactin (86%), a cyclic lipopeptide and one of the most effective biosurfactants due to a large number of biological activities, like antifungal, antitumor, and insecticidal ( Rodrigues et al., 2021 ); and vii) Rizocticin A (93%), an antibiotic that penetrates the fungal cell through the oligopeptide transport system, inhibiting protein synthesis ( Sidorova et al., 2018 ) ( Fig. 2 and Fig.…”

“…As well as, 121 RNAs being the server with the most identified RNAs out of the three servers used to annotate. Also, PGAP annotation elucidated genes related to fengycin biosynthesis including the genes reported by Lu et al. (2022) , i.e.…”