Itch and Atopic Dermatitis: An Overview

Wahlgren, Carl-Fredrik

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.1999.tb02090.x

Cited by 208 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…A recent paper demonstrated that female volunteers with sensitive skin had capillary blood flow decreased after flaxseed oil supplementation, suggesting an improved epidermal function and a modulated inflammation dependent of signaling molecules [27]. The pruritus or itching accompanies several skin disorders, such as AD which promotes scratching and is responsible for additional related lesions [29]. One important finding in the present experiment is that repeated cutaneous exposure to acetone increased action of scratching in rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Um estudo recente demonstrou que mulheres voluntárias com pele sensível tiveram o fluxo sanguíneo capilar diminuído após a suplementação com óleo de linhaça, sugerindo uma melhoria na função epidérmica, além da modulação da inflamação dependente de moléculas sinalizadoras [27]. O prurido acompanha várias doenças de pele como a DA, promove a acção de coçar e é responsável por lesões adicionais relacionadas [29]. Um importante achado da presente experiência é que a exposição cutânea repetida à acetona aumentou a frequência do coçar nos ratos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Atopic dermatitis-like disease in a rat model

Barcelos

Mello-Sampayo

Antoniazzi

et al. 2013

BBR

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217 Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research J o r n a l d e I n v e s t i g a ç ã o B i o m é d i c a e B i o f a r m a c ê u t i c a Atopic dermatitis-like disease in a rat model Modelo tipo de dermatite atópica em rato AbstractThe Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a most important topic in clinical dermatology. In fact, the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammatory skin disease, primarily characterized by pruritus and dry skin, is still far from being fully understood. To look further into this complex disease, male adult Wistar rats (n = 10) were used as a model where acetone (AA) acted as the active challenger in a 3-day treatment setting, and compared with water (AW). On day 3, one hour after the last treatment, the AA area exhibited higher transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capillary blood flow, and reduced hydration when compared to AW. The scratching behavior was markedly higher in the AA treated group (n = 5) than in the AW group (n = 5). These interesting results justify the application of this model as a clinical experimental tool for AD research.Keywords: atopic dermatitis; pathophysiology; animal model; inflammation, pruritus ResumoA dermatite atópica (DA) é um tema importante na dermatologia clínica. Na verdade, a patogénese dessa doença inflamatória crónica da pele, caracterizada principalmente por pele seca e prurido, ainda está longe de ser totalmente compreendida. A fim de saber mais acerca desta complexa doença, ratos Wistar machos e adultos (n = 10) foram utilizados como modelo animal, nos quais o tratamento com acetona (AA) foi comparado com o tratamento com água por 3 dias (AW). No dia 3, uma hora após o último tratamento, a AA mostrou maior perda transepidérmica de água (TEWL), fluxo sanguíneo capilar e reduzida hidratação quando comparada com AW. A análise comportamental mostrou que a acção de coçar foi marcadamente mais frequente no grupo AA (n = 5) quando comparado ao grupo AW (n = 5). Estes resultados justificam a implementação deste modelo animal como uma ferramenta experimental para investigação da AD.Palavras-chave: dermatite atópica, fisiopatologia, modelo animal, inflamação, prurido

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsunclassified

Atopic dermatitis-like disease in a rat model

Barcelos

Mello-Sampayo

Antoniazzi

et al. 2013

BBR

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“…This bad cycle might be one of the bases for the refractory atopic skin inflammation (25). A similar situation may occur in the skin of Ho/Ho mice, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Refractory Skin Injury in Complex Knock-out Mice Expressing Only the GM3 Ganglioside

Inoue

Fujii

Furukawa

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

108

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We generated double knock-out mice lacking the GM2/ GD2 and the GD3 synthase gene by mating single gene mutants, and we analyzed the abnormal phenotypes of the mutant mice expressing only the GM3 ganglioside. We observed a refractory skin lesion that appeared primarily on the face of the mutant mice at 25 weeks after birth or later. Frequent scratching of the wound sites was observed in mutant mice with the skin injury, suggesting that it is a triggering factor that exacerbates the injury. This was confirmed by isolating mice in special cages for metabolic study in which the skin injury developed more rapidly. Characteristic proliferation of nerve fibers was found in the epidermis and subepidermis at the injured sites of the mutants, probably a result of continuous skin injury. Peripheral nerve degeneration was observed in young mutant mice, suggesting that reduced sensory function induced over-scratching and the resulting skin lesion. The fact that sensory response to mechanical stimuli decreased while that to hot stimuli increased in the mutant mice supports this interpretation. Thus, only GM3-expressing mice displayed the important role of gangliosides in maintaining skin integrity via regulation of the peripheral nerves.Acidic glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, are ubiquitously expressed in the various tissues of vertebrates and play important roles in the regulation of highly organized multicellular systems (1). In particular, they are very much enriched in the nervous system and have been considered to control development, proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of the neural tissues and cells (2, 3). Expression patterns of various ganglioside species in the nervous system vary during development and are strictly regulated in a spatio-temporal manner (4), suggesting that individual structures of gangliosides contain significant implications for individual situations.A number of studies have been performed to demonstrate the biological function of gangliosides primarily by modifying their structures with enzymes or using inhibitors to block some steps of synthesis (5). Otherwise, the effects of addition of gangliosides to the culture medium or injection into the conditioned animals have been the primary approaches in addressing the significance of gangliosides. However, recent success in the molecular cloning of glycosyltransferase genes brought about an evolutional change in the experimental approaches for carbohydrate function analysis. Availability of glycosyltransferase genes responsible for the synthesis of gangliosides enabled us to remodel ganglioside compositions of cells and tissues in vivo (6, 7) and in vitro (8).Because we isolated GM2/GD2 synthase (EC 2.4.1.92) cDNA (9) and GD3 synthase (EC 2.4.99.8) cDNA (10), we established gene knock-out mice lines of the individual glycosyltransferases. GM2/GD2 synthase gene knock-out mice lacking all complex gangliosides showed almost normal morphogenesis of the nervous system and no definite abnormal behaviors (11), although they showed nerve degene...

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“…The patient indicates the intensity of pruritus on a line, with extremes from "0: no pruritus at all" to "10: the worst pruritus you can imagine" 25 . This method can easily be automated, allowing the analysis of a day-profile 26 .…”

Section: Patient's History Examination and Clinical Characteristics mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Pruritus: Clinics and Treatment

Grundmann

Ständer

2011

Ann Dermatol

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Chronic pruritus, one of the main symptoms in dermatology, is often intractable and has a high impact on patient's quality of life. Beyond dermatologic disorders, chronic pruritus is associated with systemic, neurologic as well as psychologic diseases. The pathogenesis of acute and chronic (＞6 weeks duration) pruritus is complex and involves in the skin a network of resident (e.g., sensory neurons) and transient inflammatory cells (e.g., lymphocytes). In the skin, several classes of histamine-sensitive or histamine-insensitve C-fibers are involved in itch transmission. Specific receptors have been discovered on cutaneous and spinal neurons to be exclusively involved in the processing of pruritic signals.Chronic pruritus is notoriously difficult to treat. Newer insights into the underlying pathogenesis of pruritus have enabled novel treatment approaches that target the pruritusspecific pathophysiological mechanism. For example, neurokinin-1 antagonists have been found to relieve chronic pruritus. (Ann Dermatol 23(1) 1∼11, 2011)

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Itch and Atopic Dermatitis: An Overview

Cited by 208 publications

References 97 publications

Atopic dermatitis-like disease in a rat model

Atopic dermatitis-like disease in a rat model

Refractory Skin Injury in Complex Knock-out Mice Expressing Only the GM3 Ganglioside

Chronic Pruritus: Clinics and Treatment

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