Issues and recommendations regarding use of the Beck Depression Inventory

Kendall, Philip C.; Hollon, Steven D.; Beck, Aaron T.; Hammen, Constance; Ingram, Rick E.

doi:10.1007/bf01186280

Cited by 1,045 publications

(745 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They concluded that, because it refers to more severe cases, the term 'depression' should only be used for individuals with scores above 20. 28,30 In updating these designations, dysphoria was classified in our study as subsyndromal depressive symptoms (SDS) and severe or grave depression were changed to major depression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Major Depression in Patients With Breast Cancer

Carvalho

Bezerra

Freitas

et al. 2015

J. Hum. Growth Dev.

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ABSTRACT:Introduction: breast cancer is one of the main causes of death among women in Brazil and worldwide. The diagnosis of breast neoplasms usually represents an emotional burden, and it may lead to adjustment reactions and even be the trigger for affective disorders (mainly depression), anxiety or psychosis. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most used mechanisms for the evaluation of depression in research and in clinics. Depression prevalence in patients with cancer varies from 3% to 55% among different studies. Methodological variation, different instruments to assess depression and different cut-off points for diagnosis contribute to the huge discrepancy in current findings. In general, the more specifically depression is defined and evaluated, the lower the rates of prevalence are reported. Many articles fail to demonstrate a statistical significance in the relationship between depression and cancer-specific factors. This suggests that risk factors for depression in those patients are more related to the patient as contextual variables and premorbid factors of personality -and not to the cancer or its treatment. Objective: to determine the prevalence of major depression in women with breast cancer. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in women with breast cancer. The sample consisted of 51 patients who answered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The presence of depression was considered in cases where the scores were above 20. A questionnaire with additional data about the patients such as age, marital status, ethnicity, education, family income, family history of depression and breast cancer, and cancer-related variables including staging, months since diagnosis, treatment modality, type of surgery, alopecia occurring were used. Descriptive analysis and test of association (chi-square) were conducted. Results: the prevalence of major depression was 5.9%, similar to that observed in community samples. Subsyndromal depressive symptoms had a score of 21.6% (BDI scores from 16 to 20). Chi-square test was conducted and showed no statistically significant relationship between the classification of BDI and the variables tested (characteristics related to patient and cancer-specific). This indicates that the isolated context of the variables does not influence the event of depression. Conclusion: the prevalence of major depression in women with breast neoplasms was 5.9%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Major Depression in Patients With Breast Cancer

Carvalho

Bezerra

Freitas

et al. 2015

J. Hum. Growth Dev.

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“…It consists of 21 items rated on a categorical scale. We also graded these scores for depression severity according to Kendall et al, 13 as 0-9 normal, 10-19 mild depression, 20-30 moderate depression and 31-63 severe depression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic pain on quality of life and depression in patients with spinal cord injury

Ataoglu¹,

Tiftik²,

Kara³

et al. 2012

Spinal Cord

124

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esign: A cross-sectional study. Objective: To assess the effects of pain on quality of life (QoL), functional independence and depression in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: An inpatient rehabilitation center. Methods:A total of 140 patients (104 M, 36 F) with SCI who underwent inpatient rehabilitation treatment were examined. A questionnaire including clinical variables was applied. Motor score of Functional Independence Measure was used to assess dailylife activities, the 36-Item Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health (SF-36) for QoL and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression. Patients were then divided into those having chronic pain (Group I) and those without any pain (Group II), and groups were compared according to demographic and clinical variables. Results: The most common causes of SCI were falls (35.0%) and motor vehicle accidents (34.2%). Chronic pain was present in 78% of patients. Patients employed before injury and patients who had complete injury had lower Numerical Rating Scale scores (Po0.05). SCI patients with chronic pain had higher depression ratings and their BDI scores were correlated with some of the SF-36 domains (general health, vitality, social functioning and mental health). Only bodily pain and social functioning (Po0.05) scores were found to be lower in Group I (Po0.05) when compared with Group II. Conclusion: As mood and QoL are negatively affected with pain in SCI patients, we suggest that chronic pain should always be treated in a multidisciplinary setting where pharmacological, physical and psychological therapies are combined.

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“…BDI scores below 9 indicate no depressive symptoms and scores above 20 reflect moderate to severe depression (Kendall, Hollon, Beck, Hammen, & Ingram, 1987).…”

Section: Clinical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for mania and positive emotional responding: Too much of a good thing?

Gruber

Johnson

Oveis

et al. 2008

Emotion

189

173

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Although positive emotion research has begun to flourish, the extremes of positive emotion remain understudied. The present research used a multimethod approach to examine positive emotional disturbance by comparing participants at high and low risk for episodes of mania, which involves elevations in positive emotionality. Ninety participants were recruited into a high or low mania risk group according to responses on the Hypomanic Personality Scale. Participants' subjective, expressive, and physiological emotional responses were gathered while they watched two positive, two negative, and one neutral film clip. Results suggested that participants at high risk for mania reported elevated positive emotion and irritability and also exhibited elevated cardiac vagal tone across positive, negative, and neutral films. Discussion focuses on the implications these findings have for the diagnosis and prevention of bipolar disorder, as well as for the general study of positive emotion.

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Issues and recommendations regarding use of the Beck Depression Inventory

Cited by 1,045 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of Major Depression in Patients With Breast Cancer

Prevalence of Major Depression in Patients With Breast Cancer

Effects of chronic pain on quality of life and depression in patients with spinal cord injury

Risk for mania and positive emotional responding: Too much of a good thing?

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