Isoxazole Derivatives as Regulators of Immune Functions

Abstract

In this review, we present reports on the immunoregulatory properties of isoxazole derivatives classified into several categories, such as immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and immunostimulatory compounds. The compounds were tested in various models using resident cells from rodents and humans, cell lines, and experimental animal disease models corresponding to human clinical situations. Beneficial features of the described isoxazole derivatives include low toxicity and good bioactivity at low doses. In a majority of studies, the activities of investigated compounds were comparable or even higher than registered reference drugs. Whenever possible, a plausible mechanism of action of the investigated compounds and their potential therapeutic utility were proposed. Among the described compounds, particular attention was paid to the class of immune stimulators with a potential application in chemotherapy patients.

Isoxazole derivatives of silatrane: synthesis, characterization, in silico ADME profile, prediction of potential pharmacological activity and evaluation of antimicrobial action

“…[ 19 ] At the same time, many derivatives of isoxazole (including natural ones, chalcones, hispolons) possess immunomodulatory, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anti‐diabetic, antitubercular, antiviral and antimicrobial properties. [ 20–25 ]…”

Affinity of Antifungal Isoxazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3(1H)-Ones to Phospholipids in Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) Chromatography

“…Isoxazolone derivatives have numerous medicinal applications, mainly due to their antibacterial [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], antitubercular [ 1 ], fungicidal [ 4 ], antileukemic [ 1 ], anticancer [ 5 ], antioxidant [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], antiandrogenic [ 9 ], and antinociceptive activities [ 7 ], among many others [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Transesterification of Methyl 2‐Nitroacetate to Superior Esters

“…Thus interesting molecular structures result: α‐amino esters, α‐keto esters, γ‐oxo acids as well as isoxazole derivatives . These latter ones are quite popular heterocycles in drug discovery and the reductive cleavage of their weak N–O bond is also a practical tool to direct the insertion of either amino or carbonyl groups on structures downstream . Nitroacetates with different ester moieties would be valuable precursors of fused isoxazole rings using intramolecular cycloadditions, and useful building blocks in drug development as several properties of potential candidates would be examined and eventually refined around the ester function .…”