Abstract:Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to high-value products plays a crucial role in the global pursuit of carbon–neutral economy. Junction photocatalysts, such as the isotype heterojunctions, offer an ideal paradigm to navigate the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). Herein, we elucidate the behaviors of isotype heterojunctions toward photocatalytic CRR over a representative photocatalyst, g-C3N4. Impressively, the isotype heterojunctions possess a significantly higher efficiency for the spatial separatio… Show more
“…In a similar study Ban et al. [ 645 ] fabricated isotype g‐C 3 N 4 homojunction (ICN) from g‐C 3 N 4 synthesized from melamine (MCN) and thiourea (TCN). The produced material exhibit a remarkable CO yield of 12.09 µmol g −1 h −1 than 3.97 µmol g −1 h −1 for MCN and 3.05 µmol g −1 h −1 for TCN.…”
Section: Strategic Modification In G‐c3n4mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a result, the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity reached 7.75 µmol g −1 h −1 under normal pressure and temperature, which is 16.1 and 13.8 times higher than the TCN and MCN (Figure 48d). In a similar study Ban et al [645] fabricated isotype g-C 3 N 4 homojunction (ICN) from g-C 3 N 4 synthesized from melamine (MCN) and thiourea (TCN). The produced material exhibit a remarkable CO yield of 12.09 µmol g −1 h −1 than 3.97 µmol g −1 h −1 for MCN and 3.05 µmol g −1 h −1 for TCN.…”
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor‐based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4, HCOOH, and CH3COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost‐effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g‐C3N4, the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g‐C3N4‐based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.
“…In a similar study Ban et al. [ 645 ] fabricated isotype g‐C 3 N 4 homojunction (ICN) from g‐C 3 N 4 synthesized from melamine (MCN) and thiourea (TCN). The produced material exhibit a remarkable CO yield of 12.09 µmol g −1 h −1 than 3.97 µmol g −1 h −1 for MCN and 3.05 µmol g −1 h −1 for TCN.…”
Section: Strategic Modification In G‐c3n4mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a result, the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity reached 7.75 µmol g −1 h −1 under normal pressure and temperature, which is 16.1 and 13.8 times higher than the TCN and MCN (Figure 48d). In a similar study Ban et al [645] fabricated isotype g-C 3 N 4 homojunction (ICN) from g-C 3 N 4 synthesized from melamine (MCN) and thiourea (TCN). The produced material exhibit a remarkable CO yield of 12.09 µmol g −1 h −1 than 3.97 µmol g −1 h −1 for MCN and 3.05 µmol g −1 h −1 for TCN.…”
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor‐based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4, HCOOH, and CH3COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost‐effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g‐C3N4, the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g‐C3N4‐based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.
“…The interfacial energy barriers with the high defect state at the interface would adjust the absorbed state of intermediates. Moreover, the interface engineering also increases the number of active sites through the introduction of more interfacial areas. − In CO 2 reduction, the adsorption of adjacent C 1 intermediates across the asymmetric interface provides a feasible way to moderate dipole–dipole repulsion for producing C 2 products.…”
Photoreduction
of CO2 is a promising strategy to synthesize
value-added fuels or chemicals and realize carbon neutralization.
Noncopper catalysts are seldom reported to generate C2 products,
and the selectivity over these catalysts is low. Here, we design rich-interface,
heterostructured In2O3/InP (r-In2O3/InP) for highly competitive photocatalytic CO2-to-CH3COOH conversion with a productivity of 96.7 μmol
g–1 and selectivity > 96% along with water oxidation
to O2 in pure water (no sacrificial agent) under visible
light irradiation. The hard X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)
shows that the formation of r-In2O3/InP with
the isogenesis cation adjusts the coordination environment via interface
engineering and forms O–In–P polarized sites at the
interface. In situ FT-IR and Raman spectra identify
the key intermediates of OCCO* for acetate production with high selectivity.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that r-In2O3/InP with rich O–In–P polarized
sites promotes C–C coupling to form C2 products
because of the imbalanced adsorption energies of two carbon atoms.
This work reports an interesting indium-based photocatalyst for selective
CO2 photoreduction to acetate under strict solution and
irradiation conditions and provides significant insights into fabricating
interfacial polarization sites to promote the process.
“…Semiconductor-based photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into fuels or chemicals is a promising route and has attracted extensive attention. − The challenge lies in the efficient activation of stable CO bonds. − Engineering the photocatalyst via the introduction of surface defects, organic amines, or inorganic bases , has been reported to enhance the adsorption and activation of CO 2 . ,− Recently, frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), composed of sterically hindered Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB), have offered an opportunity for effectively activating CO 2 . − Specifically, the unoccupied orbitals of LA and the nonbonding orbitals of LB interact with the bonding and antibonding orbitals of the trapped molecules, respectively, resulting in an efficient activation. , …”
Photocatalysis is promising for the reduction of CO 2 into fuels and chemicals under mild conditions but is still a challenge due to the inert nature of CO 2 . Herein, a ZnIn 2 S 4 /In(OH) 3−x (ZIOS) heterojunction was developed for visible-lightdriven CO 2 reduction, where ZnIn 2 S 4 (ZIS) harvests the light and In(OH) 3−x with frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) activates the CO 2 . The hydroxyl-deficient vacancies (OH Vs ) of In(OH) 3−x act as a Lewis acid, and the adjacent hydroxyl groups serve as a Lewis base to form FLPs. The ZIOS composites are fabricated via partial sulfurization of Zn−In−O oxide, constructing a type II heterojunction that facilitates the photogenerated electron transfer from ZnIn 2 S 4 to reduce FLP-activated CO 2 on In(OH) 3−x . The as-prepared ZIOS composites exhibit a CO formation rate of 1945.5 μmol•g −1 •h −1 , which is about 2.76-fold higher than that over ZnIn 2 S 4 , and suppress hydrogen evolution with the CO/H 2 ratio increasing from 0.436 for ZnIn 2 S 4 to 1.6 for ZIOS. This work provides insight into the design of efficient CO 2 reduction photocatalysts.
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