Isotropic Free-stream Turbulence Promotes Anisotropy in a Turbulent Boundary Layer

Effects of large-scale free stream turbulence on a turbulent boundary layer

“…There is a significant literature on the effects of FST on a turbulent boundary layer [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The FST affects the wall stress, the turbulent energy budget, the velocity spectra, and the velocity probability distribution.…”