Isotopic evidence to account for changes in the concentration of lead in Greenland snow between 1960 and 1988

Rosman, K.J.R.; Chisholm, W.; Boutron, Claude F.; Candelone, Jean-Pierre; Hong, Sungmin

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90054-x

Cited by 141 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Elevated blood Pb levels in Arctic aboriginal populations have been reported and linked to consumption of marine mammals (2). Measurements of Pb in the ACT2 ice core are in general agreement with previous measurements in Greenland ice cores (see Methods) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and show an average concentration from 1772 to 1860 of 10.20 pg g Ϫ1 and no temporal trend. Concentrations began to increase soon after 1860, accelerating sharply in 1887 to reach a peak in annually averaged Pb concentration in 1893 of Ϸ197.0 pg g Ϫ1 , Ϸ20 times the pre-1860 average.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Pb is the most extensively studied, with results reported from Camp Century in northwestern Greenland (12) and Summit in central Greenland (11,(13)(14)(15)(16). A total of 36 discrete ice core measurements of Cd spanning the last 230 years has been reported from Greenland ice cores-specifically from Summit in central Greenland (11,15)-as well as surface snow concentrations from the DYE 3 area in southern Greenland (26,27).…”

Section: Replicate Hr-icp-ms Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coal burning leaves toxic heavy metal legacy in the Arctic

McConnell

Edwards

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

281

259

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Toxic heavy metals emitted by industrial activities in the midlatitudes are transported through the atmosphere and deposited in the polar regions; bioconcentration and biomagnification in the food chain mean that even low levels of atmospheric deposition may threaten human health and Arctic ecosystems. Little is known about sources and long-term trends of most heavy metals before Ϸ1980, when modern measurements began, although heavymetal pollution in the Arctic was widespread during recent decades. Lacking detailed, long-term measurements until now, ecologists, health researchers, and policy makers generally have assumed that contamination was highest during the 1960s and 1970s peak of industrial activity in North America and Europe. We present continuous 1772-2003 monthly and annually averaged deposition records for highly toxic thallium, cadmium, and lead from a Greenland ice core showing that atmospheric deposition was much higher than expected in the early 20th century, with tenfold increases from preindustrial levels by the early 1900s that were two to five times higher than during recent decades. Tracer measurements indicate that coal burning in North America and Europe was the likely source of these metals in the Arctic after 1860. Although these results show that heavy-metal pollution in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic is substantially lower today than a century ago, contamination of other sectors may be increasing because of the rapid coal-driven growth of Asian economies.cadmium ͉ glaciochemistry ͉ Greenland ͉ lead ͉ thallium

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Replicate Hr-icp-ms Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal burning leaves toxic heavy metal legacy in the Arctic

McConnell

Edwards

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

281

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These reductions have been noted in a variety of environmental matrices, including urban and remote aerosols (1)(2)(3)(4), Arctic and Antarctic snow and ice cores (5)(6)(7)(8), Pacific and Atlantic seawater (2,(9)(10)(11), North American and European ombrotrophic bogs (12)(13)(14), European and North American rivers (15,16), and human blood (17). Because lead in each of these reservoirs is directly or indirectly controlled by anthropogenic lead emissions, their levels of contamination will decline with source reductions.…”

Section: Measurements Of Lead Isotope Compositions In Unfiltered Sanmentioning

confidence: 99%

New isotopic evidence for chronic lead contamination in the San Francisco Bay estuary system: Implications for the persistence of past industrial lead emissions in the biosphere

Steding

Dunlap

Flegal

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Il est cependant paradoxal de constater que la grande majorité des travaux sur ce sujet a porté jusqu'à maintenant sur les zones polaires ou océaniques, c'est-à-dire à grande distance des sources d'émission des contaminations anthropogéniques vers l'atmosphère [1,2]. De même, l'utilisation des isotopes du plomb dans le domaine de la pollution atmosphérique à l'échelle globale est répandue [3,4], mais tend de plus en plus à se développer dans le cadre de problématiques plus locales [5].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Origine des particules atmosphériques à Paris : utilisation des isotopes du carbone et du plomb

Wîdory¹,

Roy²,

Moullec³

et al. 2004

Pollution Atmosphérique

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RésuméLes impacts respectifs des différentes sources de matière particulaire en atmosphère urbaine sont toujours sujets à débat. Cette incertitude n'est malheureusement pas levée par la seule utilisation des paramètres chimiques classiques. Cette étude montre que l'utilisation conjointe des isotopes stables du carbone et radiogéniques du plomb non seulement permet une identification précise des différentes sources d'aérosols dans l'atmosphère de Paris, mais autorise aussi la quantification de leurs contributions respectives. Les deux sites choisis, l'un en situation de pollution urbaine de fond, l'autre en proximité automobile, montrent une prépon-dérance du trafic automobile diesel dans les apports organiques des particules (tant des PM 2,5 que des PM 10 ), alors que le pôle industriel est, au contraire, le principal vecteur de la phase inorganique, avec une contribution supérieure à 60 %. AbstractThe contribution of the various sources of particulate matter in the urban atmosphere is a still debated question. This uncertainty cannot be removed by the sole use of classical chemical parameters, and thus the need of complementary indexes may arise. In this study we show that the use of coupled carbon and lead isotopes not only allows a precise identification of the sources of aerosols in the atmosphere of Paris, but also permits the semi-quantification of their respective contributions. The two chosen sites (LHVP and Porte de Brancion) both show the domination of diesel road traffic on the input of the organic phase of aerosols (either PM 2.5 or PM 10 ), whereas the industrial end-member is the main vector for the inorganic phase, with a contribution >60 %.

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Isotopic evidence to account for changes in the concentration of lead in Greenland snow between 1960 and 1988

Cited by 141 publications

References 24 publications

Coal burning leaves toxic heavy metal legacy in the Arctic

Coal burning leaves toxic heavy metal legacy in the Arctic

New isotopic evidence for chronic lead contamination in the San Francisco Bay estuary system: Implications for the persistence of past industrial lead emissions in the biosphere

Origine des particules atmosphériques à Paris : utilisation des isotopes du carbone et du plomb

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