Isotopic Distribution of Sodium Fragments Emitted in High-Energy Nuclear Reactions. Identification of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Na</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>27</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>and Possible Existence of Heavier Na Isotopes

Klapisch, R.; Philippe, C; Suchorzewska, J.; Détraz, C.; Bernas, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.20.740

Cited by 22 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is clearly at variance with all the data shown in Figs. [7][8][9][10][11]. The case for 11 B is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Except Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…study·could.be approximately expressed by the empirical relation- for Z = [6][7][8][9][10][11], and £ = 1.2 for Z = [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. If we define T as the thickness of the ~E detector it is possible to derive from the above relationship the following expression, which has the useful feature that the quantity T/a is a constant for a particle with a given Z and A regardless of the energy of the particle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fragment Production in the Interaction of 5.5-GeV Protons with Uranium

1971

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'ABSTRACTThe energy spectra of nuclear fragments produced by the interaction of 5.5-GeV protons with uranium have been determined at several laboratory angles by means of dE/dx -E measurements with semiconductor detector telescopes. Individual isotopes of the elements from hydrogen to carbon were resolved and from nitrogen to argon the study was continued for the elements without isotopic separation. The evaporation-like energy spectra were integrated to obtain angular distributions and total cross sections for the isotopes of helium through carbon. Total cross sections for many rare isotopes were also estimated. The yield surface constructed from these cross sections has a ridge-like shape positioned 9ne neutron in excess of the line of beta stability. The yields fall off more steeply on the neutron-deficient side and exhibit odd-even effects reflecting those of the mass surface. The energy spectra of the neutron-deficient isotopes differ from the others in that the high-energy parts of the spectra are more pronounced and flatter, and the angular distributions are more forward peaked.Some of the energy spectra were fitted with calculated curves based on the isotropic evaporation df fragments from a system moving along the beam axis.The apparent Coulomb barriers obtained from this analysis were about one half -iv-UCRL-18996 the nominal Coulomb barriers and the apparent nuclear temperatures fell in the 10 to 13 MeV range. For the highest energy fragments observed at 90° the apparent temperatures rose to 20 MeV. From the forward-backward shifts in energy it was deduced that the average velocity of the moving system is about 0.006 c and that there is a positive correlation between this velocity and the velocity of the fragments in the moving system. However, all of the data are more peaked forward in intensity than can be explained by this simple two-step model.Radiochemical cross sections are also presented for the production of 7 Be from uranium, silver, and aluminum, and for 22 Na from aluminum. UCRL-18996

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“…This is clearly at variance with all the data shown in Figs. [7][8][9][10][11]. The case for 11 B is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Except Formentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragment Production in the Interaction of 5.5-GeV Protons with Uranium

1971

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“…Interesting fractiona tions were found among the lanthanide and actinide elements. The rapid diffusion of alkali elements (41-45) has already been mentioned in Section 3.5; additional information is given in (121)(122)(123).…”

Section: Separations From Solid and Molten Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selectivity of the surface ionization at hot tantalum and rhenium foils wa.s demonstrated by Philippe et al (121). Among the applications, the detection of new alkali isotopes (44,122,123,129) and yield measurements in spallation reactions (122, 123) may be cited.…”

Section: Separations From Solid and Molten Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Chemical Separations

Herrmann¹,

Denschlag²

1969

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Sci.

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“…mean kinetic energies) produced in the interaction of high-energy protons with uranium and other heavy target material has been pursued in the past decade at CERN [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Here the isotopic yield curves of I [1], Sb [2], In [9], Rb andCs [7,8], andSc [4,5] were measured and complemented by range determinations of Sb [4] and Sc [5]. Preliminary results for ranges of iodine and bromine are given in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Iodine and Bromine Isotopes from Uranium at High Proton Energies

Brandt

1971

Radiochimica Acta

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The ranges of radioactive iodine and bromine isotopes produced at 0.55 GeV and 18 GeV in uranium are determined. At 0.55 GeV the ranges of all isotopes are mass-independent, indicating that at this energy iodine and bromine isotopes are fission products. At 18 GeV, the ranges of neutron-deficient products decrease by a factor of two. A step-like range-vs.-isotopic mass is observed for iodine and also to some extent for bromine. The results of the range and yield measurements are qualitatively discussed in this paper. It is suggested to decompose the observed isotopic yield curves into a fission and deep spallation component. Some more quantitative calculations are presented in the consecutive paper. ZusammenfassungDie Reichweite radioaktiver Jod-und Bromisotope, die bei der Bestrahlung von Uran mit 0,55 und 18 GeV Protonen entstehen, wird bestimmt. Diese Reichweite ist bei 0,55 GeV massenunabhängig. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß bei dieser Energie alle Brom-und Jodisotope Spaltprodukte sind. Bei 18 GeV fällt die Reichweite neutronenarmer Isotope um den Faktor 2 ab. Eine stufenförmige Reichweite-vs.-Massenbeziehung wird für Jodisotope beobachtet; das gleiche gilt angenähert auch für Bromisotope. Die Ergebnisse der Reichweiten-und Ausbeutemessungen werden in dieser Arbeit qualitativ diskutiert. Es wird dabei vorgeschlagen, die beobachtete Isotopenausbeutekurve in eine Spaltprodukt-und "Tiefspallations"-Komponente zu zerlegen. Einige mehr quantitative Berechnungen werden in der folgenden Arbeit beschrieben.

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Isotopic Distribution of Sodium Fragments Emitted in High-Energy Nuclear Reactions. Identification ofNa27and Possible Existence of Heavier Na Isotopes

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Fragment Production in the Interaction of 5.5-GeV Protons with Uranium

Fragment Production in the Interaction of 5.5-GeV Protons with Uranium

Rapid Chemical Separations

The Production of Iodine and Bromine Isotopes from Uranium at High Proton Energies

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