Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4

Huber, Christof; Leuenberger, Markus; Spahni, Renato; Flückiger, Jacqueline; Schwander, Jakob; Stocker, Thomas F.; Johnsen, S. J.; Landais, A.; Jouzel, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.002

Cited by 360 publications

(374 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Steffensen et al, 2008;Kleppin et al, 2015] or lag [e.g. Huber et al, 2006] changes in the North Atlantic remains unclear. But in either case, southward-shifted winds would indeed be expected to push the SO system toward the convective state by enhancing the Ekman-driven upwelling of intermediate-depth waters, enhancing the advection of sea ice northward away from the convective zone, and by deepening the mixed layer [Hall and Visbeck, 2002;Cheon et al, 2014, Ferrari et al, 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean deep convection as a driver of Antarctic warming events

Pedro

Martin

Steig

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Simulations with a free‐running coupled climate model show that heat release associated with Southern Ocean deep convection variability can drive centennial‐scale Antarctic temperature variations of up to 2.0°C. The mechanism involves three steps: Preconditioning: heat accumulates at depth in the Southern Ocean; Convection onset: wind and/or sea ice changes tip the buoyantly unstable system into the convective state; and Antarctic warming: fast sea ice‐albedo feedbacks (on annual‐decadal time scales) and slow Southern Ocean frontal and sea surface temperature adjustments to convective heat release (on multidecadal‐century time scales) drive an increase in atmospheric heat and moisture transport toward Antarctica. We discuss the potential of this mechanism to help drive and amplify climate variability as observed in Antarctic ice core records.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean deep convection as a driver of Antarctic warming events

Pedro

Martin

Steig

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…We move on to a more detailed comparison with other temperature reconstructions from the North Atlantic and Mediterranean realm. Figure 3 shows the comparison between simulated surface temperatures in Greenland and NGRIP temperature reconstructions (Huber et al, 2006) on the SS09 timescale. In accordance with paleodata, the simulated Heinrich stadials in Greenland attain very similar minimum temperatures than the DO stadials.…”

Section: Temperature Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Hindcasting the continuum of Dansgaard–Oeschger variability: mechanisms, patterns and timing

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Millennial-scale variability associated with Dansgaard-Oeschger events is arguably one of the most puzzling climate phenomena ever discovered in paleoclimate archives. Here, we set out to elucidate the underlying dynamics by conducting a transient global hindcast simulation with a 3-D intermediate complexity earth system model covering the period 50 to 30 ka BP. The model is forced by time-varying external boundary conditions (greenhouse gases, orbital forcing, and ice-sheet orography and albedo) and anomalous North Atlantic freshwater fluxes, which mimic the effects of changing northern hemispheric ice volume on millennial timescales. Together these forcings generate a realistic global climate trajectory, as demonstrated by an extensive model/paleo data comparison. Our results are consistent with the idea that variations in ice-sheet calving and subsequent changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation were the main drivers for the continuum of glacial millennial-scale variability seen in paleorecords across the globe.

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“…In the northern hemisphere, in particular on the Greenland ice sheet, large and very rapid temperature jumps of up to 15°C within a few decades, followed by more steady decreases of temperature, have been identified from ice core analyses (1,2). 25 of these so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events have been found during the last glacial period.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

Bereiter

Lüthi

Siegrist

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Important elements of natural climate variations during the last ice age are abrupt temperature increases over Greenland and related warming and cooling periods over Antarctica. Records from Antarctic ice cores have shown that the global carbon cycle also plays a role in these changes. The available data shows that atmospheric CO 2 follows closely temperatures reconstructed from Antarctic ice cores during these variations. Here, we present new high-resolution CO 2 data from Antarctic ice cores, which cover the period between 115,000 and 38,000 y before present. Our measurements show that also smaller Antarctic warming events have an imprint in CO 2 concentrations. Moreover, they indicate that during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, the peak of millennial CO 2 variations lags the onset of Dansgaard/Oeschger warmings by 250 AE 190 y. During MIS 3, this lag increases significantly to 870 AE 90 y. Considerations of the ocean circulation suggest that the millennial variability associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) undergoes a mode change from MIS 5 to MIS 4 and 3. Ocean carbon inventory estimates imply that during MIS 3 additional carbon is derived from an extended mass of carbon-enriched Antarctic Bottom Water. The absence of such a carbon-enriched water mass in the North Atlantic during MIS 5 can explain the smaller amount of carbon released to the atmosphere after the Antarctic temperature maximum and, hence, the shorter lag. Our new data provides further constraints for transient coupled carbon cycleclimate simulations during the entire last glacial cycle.abrupt climate change | CO2-temperature phasing | ice age variability | paleoclimate | greenhouse gas T he climate of the last glacial period is characterized by low global mean temperatures and a number of interhemispheric variations on time scales of several millennia. In the northern hemisphere, in particular on the Greenland ice sheet, large and very rapid temperature jumps of up to 15°C within a few decades, followed by more steady decreases of temperature, have been identified from ice core analyses (1, 2). 25 of these so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events have been found during the last glacial period. For each of these events, an associated Antarctic temperature variation has been also documented in Antarctic ice cores (Antarctic Isotope Maximum [AIM] events) (3). Antarctic temperatures increase siteadily when Greenland is in the cold phase and slowly decrease following the abrupt temperature increase in Greenland during a DO event. This behavior is explained by the concept of an oceanic thermal bipolar seesaw, where variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and associated changes in heat transport across the equator to the North Atlantic modulate the southern and northern hemisphere temperatures during each of these events (4).Previous reconstructions of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during these millennial-scale variations show that CO 2 varies largely in parallel with the major AIM events (...

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Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4

Cited by 360 publications

References 59 publications

Southern Ocean deep convection as a driver of Antarctic warming events

Southern Ocean deep convection as a driver of Antarctic warming events

Hindcasting the continuum of Dansgaard–Oeschger variability: mechanisms, patterns and timing

Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

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Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4

Cited by 360 publications

References 59 publications

Southern Ocean deep convection as a driver of Antarctic warming events

Southern Ocean deep convection as a driver of Antarctic warming events

Hindcasting the continuum of Dansgaard–Oeschger variability: mechanisms, patterns and timing

Mode change of millennial CO 2 variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw

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Mode change of millennial CO ₂ variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw