“…SOD activity was not changed by EtOH administration in the current study, which was in accordance with other results [38,39], which could be due to a defense mechanism initiated by the liver. The antioxidant effects observed for GLE (current study) could be partly attributed to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcription factor for antioxidant response, reported to be mediated by the secondary metabolites (e.g., apigenin derivative [5,40], epicatechin [41], quercetin derivatives [3,42], caffeic acid [43,44], rosmarinic acid derivatives [45,46], and isorhamnetin derivatives [4,47]) present in the extract. Future studies are needed to clearly address the effect of GLE on Nrf2 activation.…”