Isomerization of n-Butane over Sulfated Al- and Ga-Promoted Zirconium Oxide Catalysts. Influence of Promoter and Preparation Method

Moreno, JA; Poncelet, Georges

doi:10.1006/jcat.2001.3324

Cited by 99 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The monoclinic phase of zirconia has been reported as inactive [22], or at least a factor of 4-5 less active than tetragonal zirconia [23]. Consistent with insignificant activity of the monoclinic phase, the maximum n-butane isomerization conversion (or rate) was found to be proportional to the fraction of tetragonal phase [24,25]. However, the tetragonal phase is only a necessary but not a sufficient requirement for good catalytic activity [26], i.e.…”

Section: Structure-activity Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Of the main group elements, Al [117,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133] and Ga [24,134] act as promoters of sulfated zirconia isomerization catalysts. First row transition metals such as Ti [127], V [127], Cr [127,135] , Mn [10,15,[136][137][138] , Fe [10,15,127,135,136,137,[139][140][141][142], Co [15,127,135]] and Ni [15,127,132,135,139,143,144] have drawn considerable attention.…”

Section: Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

Jentoft

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction Classification Variety of Materials and Focus Target Properties Structure–Activity Relationships Effect of Sulfate and Other Oxo‐Anions Preparation Routes Formation of Primary Solid Formation of Pure Hydrous Zirconia Formation of Sulfate‐Containing Hydrous Zirconia Template‐Directed Formation of Primary Solid Commercially Available Precursors Anion‐Modification of Primary Solid Addition of Oxo‐Anions to Primary Solid in Liquid Medium Sulfation of Primary Solid via Gas Phase Introduction of Oxo‐Anions Using Solid Precursors Addition of Promoters (Optional) Promoters Structure–Activity Relationships Effect of Promoters Addition of Promoters Calcination Events Occurring During Calcination Effect of Bed Volume and Packing Effect of Calcination Temperature on Physical Properties Effect of Calcination Temperature on Catalytic Performance Effect of Holding Time Calcination: A Summary Sulfation of Thermally Treated Crystalline Oxides Sulfation with Aqueous Solutions (Solid–Liquid Phase) Sulfation via Gas Phase (Solid–Gas Phase) Sulfation of Zirconia using Solid Sulfate Precursors Addition of Noble Metals Activation Summary

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Section: Structure-activity Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

Jentoft

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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“…[27][28][29] Recently, it has been found that a main group element Al can also promote the catalytic activity and stability of sulfated zirconia for n-butane isomerization and ethylene dimerization. [30][31][32] The search for a more active catalyst is a never ending task. At the same time that increased catalytic activity is sought, an improvement in selectivity to the desired product is also required.…”

Section: Introcuctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al₂O₃Addition and WO₃Modification on Catalytic Activity of NiO/Al₂O₃-TiO₂/WO₃for Ethylene Dimerization

Pae¹,

Sohn

2007

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Strong solid acid catalysts, NiO/Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 /WO 3 for ethylene dimerization were prepared by the addition of Al 2 O 3 and the modification with WO 3 . The acid sites and acid strength were increased by the inductive effect of WO 3 species bonded to the surface of catalysts. The larger the dispersed WO 3 amount, the higher both the acidity and catalytic activity for ethylene dimerization. The addition of Al 2 O 3 to TiO 2 up to 5 mol% enhanced acidity and catalytic activity gradually due to the interaction between Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 and consequent formation of Al-O-Ti bond.Key Words : Al 2 O 3 addition, WO 3 modification, Acidity, Ethylene dimerization IntrocuctionHeterogeneous catalysts for the dimerization and oligomerization of olefins, consisting mainly of nickel compounds supported on oxides, have been known for many years. A considerable number of papers have dealt with the problem of nickel-containing catalysts for ethylene dimerization.

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“…8 Recently, it has been found that a main group element Al can also promote the catalytic activity and stability of sulfated zirconia for n-butane isomerization and ethylene dimerization. [14][15][16] The search for a more active catalyst is a never ending task. At the same time that increased catalytic activity is sought, an improvement in selectivity to the desired product is also required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of NiSO₄/CeO₂-ZrO₂Catalyst Promoted with CeO₂for Acid Catalysis

Sohn

Shin²

2007

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A solid acid catalyst, NiSO 4 /CeO 2 -ZrO 2 was prepared simply by promoting ZrO 2 with CeO 2 and supporting nickel sulfate on CeO 2 -ZrO 2 . The support of NiSO 4 on ZrO 2 shifted the phase transition of ZrO 2 from amorphous to tetragonal to higher temperatures because of the interaction between NiSO 4 and ZrO 2 . The surface area of 10-NiSO 4 /1-CeO 2 -ZrO 2 promoted with CeO 2 and calcined at 600 ). This high surface area of 10-NiSO 4 /1-CeO 2 -ZrO 2 was due to the promoting effect of CeO 2 which makes zirconia a stable tetragonal phase as confirmed by XRD. The role of CeO 2 was to form a thermally stable solid solution with zirconia and consequently to give high surface area and acidity of the sample, and high thermal stability of the surface sulfate species. 10-NiSO 4 /1-CeO 2 -ZrO 2 containing 1 mol% CeO 2 and 10 wt% NiSO 4 , and calcined at 600 o C exhibited maximum catalytic activities for both reactions, 2-propanol dehydration and cumene dealkylation.

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Isomerization of n-Butane over Sulfated Al- and Ga-Promoted Zirconium Oxide Catalysts. Influence of Promoter and Preparation Method

Cited by 99 publications

References 60 publications

Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

Effect of Al₂O₃Addition and WO₃Modification on Catalytic Activity of NiO/Al₂O₃-TiO₂/WO₃for Ethylene Dimerization

Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of NiSO₄/CeO₂-ZrO₂Catalyst Promoted with CeO₂for Acid Catalysis

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Isomerization of n-Butane over Sulfated Al- and Ga-Promoted Zirconium Oxide Catalysts. Influence of Promoter and Preparation Method

Cited by 99 publications

References 60 publications

Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

Oxo‐Anion Modified Oxides

Effect of Al2O3Addition and WO3Modification on Catalytic Activity of NiO/Al2O3-TiO2/WO3for Ethylene Dimerization

Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of NiSO4/CeO2-ZrO2Catalyst Promoted with CeO2for Acid Catalysis

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About

Effect of Al₂O₃Addition and WO₃Modification on Catalytic Activity of NiO/Al₂O₃-TiO₂/WO₃for Ethylene Dimerization

Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of NiSO₄/CeO₂-ZrO₂Catalyst Promoted with CeO₂for Acid Catalysis