Isolation within secies and the history of glacial refugia

Ferris, Clifford D.; Hewitt, Godfrey M.; King, Richard

doi:10.1201/9781439833278.ch2

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…This differentiation could have arisen if the Caucasus region was genetically isolated from other European populations, perhaps as one of the refugia located in southern Europe area during glacial periods. A similar effect has been observed in some species of European tree (Ferris et al, 1999).…”

Section: European Hopssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The distribution of European hop haplotypes found in our study covers a range of 7000 km, calculated as the distance between Portugal and the Altai region. This wide distribution suggests that migration, or gene flow, occurred across Eurasia at a high rate, similar to those for European trees (Ferris et al, 1999).…”

Section: European Hopsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Fossil pollen data has shown that European tree species, for example, Oak (Quercus), Pine (Pinus) and Alder (Alnus), migrated and expanded throughout Europe after the last graciation, and a high migration rate was observed, representing from a few hundreds to thousands meters per year (Ferris et al, 1999). Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is distributed from Scotland to east Siberia, and the current population structure in Europe was formed 7000-900 years ago (Dvornyk et al, 2002).…”

Section: European Hopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogeny of wild Hops, Humulus lupulus L.

et al. 2006

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We have analysed wild hops collected widely from the Northern Hemisphere, assessing the genetic diversity and the geographical distribution of haplotypes, to investigate the evolution and phylogeny of hops, Humulus lupulus. The haplotypes were characterized by the nuclear ribosomal DNA spacer region (length and DNA sequence) and chloroplast DNA noncoding regions (DNA sequences). The results indicated that primary divergence into European (including Caucasus and Altai hops), and Asian-North American types, was 1.0570.28 to 1.2770.30 million years ago. Although an Eastern boundary for European nuclear haplotype distribution was unclear due to the ambiguous origin of Northern Chinese samples, the European hop group showed a wide geographical distribution across Eurasia from the Altai region to Portugal. The low genetic variation in this group suggested rapid and recent expansion. The North American hop group showed high diversity, and is considered to include hops that have migrated from Asia. Japanese and Chinese hops were identified as genetically distinct. This study has shown that wild hops in each growing region are genetically differentiated with considerable genetic diversity. It gives insights into the evolution and domestication of hops that are discussed.

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Section: European Hopssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: European Hopsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: European Hopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogeny of wild Hops, Humulus lupulus L.

et al. 2006

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“…During glacial periods, species that were adapted to arctic-alpine conditions colonized large extensions of tundra and steppe south of the ice sheets and alpine enclaves, while those adapted to temperate conditions were confined to southern refugia (Ferris & al., 1999). In contrast, interglacial periods favoured the recolonization of newly open habitats in deglaciated areas, thereby inducing migratory movements towards northern areas that allowed the admixture of previously fragmented populations (Gabrielsen & al., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and morphological diversity in <i>Armeria</i> (Plumbaginaceae) is shaped by glacial cycles in Mediterranean refugia

Aguilar

Larena

Feliner

2011

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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Fuertes Aguilar, J., Gutiérrez Larena, B. & Nieto Feliner, G. 2011. Genetic and morphological diversity in Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) is shaped by glacial cycles in Mediterranean refugia. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 68(2): 175-197.Little is known of the direct effects of Quaternary glaciationdeglaciation cycles in plants within southern European refugia. This study, centered in the Sierra Nevada (S Spain), used RAPD and morphometric data from 36 populations of Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) from five taxa belonging to three species that are endemic to that region: A. filicaulis subsp. nevadensis, A. fili caulis subsp. trevenqueana, A. filicaulis subsp. alfacarensis, A. splendens, and A. villosa subsp. bernisii. The results based on genetic analyses at the population level (AMOVA, genetic diversity, genetic distance) and genetic and morphological analyses at individual level (haplotype phenetic distance, PCO, morphometrics) indicate that: (1) genetic diversity decreases with altitude, probably as a result of the postglacial recolonization processes, except in some secondary contact zones between taxa; (2) gene flow among interspecific populations, most likely facilitated by contraction of vegetation belts, led to the formation of hybrid taxa; (3) genetic distances among populations provide a useful basis for studying scenarios with frequent interspecific gene-flow since it allows distinguishing eventual cases of introgression from hybridogenous taxa.

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“…The postYounger Dryas sequence of (re-)colonization of the more common species of the present flora has been well-documented in fossil pollen sequences (Huntley & Birks, 1983;Birks, 1989). Moreover, the dominantly northward routes taken by those species to reach Britain are clearly evident in surveys of plant genetic diversity across Europe, which reliably show a repeated pattern of three diversity 'hot-spots' in trans-Mediterranean migration routes through Iberia, Italy and the Balkans (Hewitt, 1996;Ferris et al, 1999). Surprisingly little attention has been paid to the likelihood of 'post-glacial' speciation, though credible case-studies exist (e.g.…”

Section: Diversification Versus Migration As Factors Determining Planmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genesis of phenotypic and genotypic diversity in land plants: The present as the key to the past

Bateman

DiMichele

2003

Systematics and Biodiversity

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The evolutionary history of vascular plants is reviewed by extrapolation back through time from a wide range of data recently derived from the present flora, using as the central theme evolutionary inferences gained from phylogenies reconstructed as cladograms. Any region of the genome can be used to infer relationships, but only a combination of knowledge of morphology and the developmental genes that underpin morphology can allow evolutionary interpretation of macroevolutionary transitions; this in turn is necessary to identify bona fide evolutionary radiations and any putative causal key innovations. Such studies require clades to be delimited not by the inclusion of particular extant 'crown' species but rather by specific apomorphies, thereby giving important phylogenetic roles to extinct as well as extant species. Dating phylogenetic divergences via molecular clocks remains seriously inaccurate, and ultimately relies primarily on fossil benchmarks. First principles suggest that evolution of most regions of the genome is fundamentally gradual, whereas evolution of regions especially prone to strong selection pressure, and of the many facets of the phenotype, is punctuational, being characterized through time dominantly by stasis. Sequence data have proved valuable for inferring monophyletic groups, but within the now widely accepted context of monophyly the taxonomic hierarchy should primarily reflect degrees of morphological rather than molecular divergence. Incongruence among contrasting data sets is best explained by understanding the biological constraints operating on each type of phylogenetic information. The conventional 'uniformitarian' view of evolution has only limited applicability as one traces the history of land plants through time. Diversity increased in stepwise fashion, reflecting either attainments of complexity and/or fitness thresholds by the lineage (intrinsic) or the availability of unusually permissive environments, often following major perturbations (extrinsic). The Quaternary period demonstrates especially well the resilience, and ease of migration, of the Earth's vegetation. A higher frequency of generation of novel phenotypes in the deep past is possible, but a far higher frequency of their establishment is certain; together, these factors generate an evolutionary pattern of nested radiations that is fractal, as saturation of the resource space rendered the environment decreasingly permissive through time.In the immediate future, evolutionary-developmental genetics will have increasing value for testing homology, interpreting homoplasy and elucidating evolutionary constraints, and will become easierto pursue as whole-genome sequences of additional 'model' species further invigorate comparative genomics. Complexity of gene regulation, both by other genes and by the cellular and extra-cellular environment, appears a particularly fruitful area for further research. Nonetheless, environmental filtering of evolutionary novelties (whether instantaneously isolated mutant 'prospec...

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Isolation within secies and the history of glacial refugia

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular phylogeny of wild Hops, Humulus lupulus L.

Molecular phylogeny of wild Hops, Humulus lupulus L.

Genetic and morphological diversity in <i>Armeria</i> (Plumbaginaceae) is shaped by glacial cycles in Mediterranean refugia

Genesis of phenotypic and genotypic diversity in land plants: The present as the key to the past

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