Isolation, purification, structural elucidation and antimicrobial activities of kocumarin, a novel antibiotic isolated from actinobacterium Kocuria marina CMG S2 associated with the brown seaweed Pelvetia canaliculata
“…Hence, cyanobacteria have some mechanisms for inhibiting the development of RKNs. For example, many forms of cyanobacteria are informed to create a large number of toxic compounds like, nodularins, microcystins, neurotoxins (Holajjer et al, 2013;Gaget et al, 2017) and benzoic acid which produced by microalgae (Uzaira et al, 2018). Cyanobacteria can also depress pathogenic agents by distraction of the cytoplasmic membrane and suppression of the protein creation (Swain et al, 2017).…”
Section: Antagonistic Effects Of the Yeast And Cyanobacteria On Nematmentioning
Banana production is severely hindered by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) worldwide. Chemical nematicide, oxamyl is a systematic compound widely applied for the control of PPNs. Because of increase pests' problems, harmful effects on human and environment caused by chemical pesticides and also increased consumer requirements for safe crops have encouraged research on bio-pesticides production. So, the effect of different stress of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and blue green algae (cyanobacteria), Spirulina platensis were examined on banana plants infected with root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita. All tested treatments were effective methods to manage M. incognita in soil samples and banana roots. Notably, the usage of S. cerevisiae and S. platensis in combination treatment revealed the greater antagonistic action on M. incognita in potted banana. In addition it has an avail advantage over artificial nematicides by having several means to attack the RKN and mainly enhanced plant growth compared to any other treatments. Yet, the previous treatment had increased catalase (CAT) enzyme activity and reduced pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity in banana plant that leads to inhibit the count of the RKN. Generally, our results supply a novel knowledge to understand of PPNs management as a new approach for applying bio-fertilizer and bio-control of the parasitic nematodes.
“…Hence, cyanobacteria have some mechanisms for inhibiting the development of RKNs. For example, many forms of cyanobacteria are informed to create a large number of toxic compounds like, nodularins, microcystins, neurotoxins (Holajjer et al, 2013;Gaget et al, 2017) and benzoic acid which produced by microalgae (Uzaira et al, 2018). Cyanobacteria can also depress pathogenic agents by distraction of the cytoplasmic membrane and suppression of the protein creation (Swain et al, 2017).…”
Section: Antagonistic Effects Of the Yeast And Cyanobacteria On Nematmentioning
Banana production is severely hindered by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) worldwide. Chemical nematicide, oxamyl is a systematic compound widely applied for the control of PPNs. Because of increase pests' problems, harmful effects on human and environment caused by chemical pesticides and also increased consumer requirements for safe crops have encouraged research on bio-pesticides production. So, the effect of different stress of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and blue green algae (cyanobacteria), Spirulina platensis were examined on banana plants infected with root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita. All tested treatments were effective methods to manage M. incognita in soil samples and banana roots. Notably, the usage of S. cerevisiae and S. platensis in combination treatment revealed the greater antagonistic action on M. incognita in potted banana. In addition it has an avail advantage over artificial nematicides by having several means to attack the RKN and mainly enhanced plant growth compared to any other treatments. Yet, the previous treatment had increased catalase (CAT) enzyme activity and reduced pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity in banana plant that leads to inhibit the count of the RKN. Generally, our results supply a novel knowledge to understand of PPNs management as a new approach for applying bio-fertilizer and bio-control of the parasitic nematodes.
“…Macroalgae are known to host diverse species of actinobacteria, both epiphytic and endophytic, but little has been done to assess their biotechnological potential, with the majority of the bioactivity screenings targeting epiphytic microorganisms, mainly fungi (Egan et al, 2008). Nevertheless, some studies demonstrated that actinobacteria isolated from macroalgae are capable of producing bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory compounds (Braña et al, 2015; Uzair et al, 2018). The brown alga Laminaria ochroleuca forms complex structures, known as kelp forests, which dominate shallow rocky shores of cold-water marine habitats worldwide (Franco et al, 2018).…”
Nature is the major reservoir of biologically active molecules. The urgent need of finding novel molecules for pharmaceutical application is prompting the research of underexplored environments, such as marine ecosystems. Here, we investigated cultivable actinobacteria associated with the macroalgae
Laminaria ochroleuca
and assessed their potential to produce compounds with antimicrobial or anticancer activities. A specimen of
L. ochroleuca
was collected in a rocky shore in northern Portugal, and fragments of tissues from different parts of the macroalgae (holdfast, stipe, and blades) were surface sterilized and plated in three culture media selective for actinobacteria. A total of 90 actinobacterial strains were isolated, most of which affiliated with the genus
Streptomyces
. Isolates associated with the genera
Isoptericola
,
Rhodococcus
,
Nonomuraeae
,
Nocardiopsis
,
Microbispora
, and
Microbacterium
were also obtained. Organic extracts from the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial activity using the agar-based disk diffusion method, followed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Forty-five isolates inhibited the growth of
Candida albicans
and/or
Staphylococcus aureus
, with MIC values ranging from <0.5 to 1000 μg mL
−1
. The actinobacterial isolates were also tested for their anticancer potential on two human cancer cell lines. Twenty-eight extracts affected the viability of at least one human cancer cell line (breast carcinoma T-47D and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y) and non-carcinogenic endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3). Seven extracts affected the viability of cancer cells only. This study revealed that
L. ochroleuca
is a rich source of actinobacteria with promising antimicrobial and anticancer activities and suggests that macroalgae may be a valuable source of actinobacteria and, consequently, of new molecules with biotechnological importance.
“…This prevalence may be explained by their spore-forming ability, UV radiation tolerance and other environmental adaptations that ensure survival in harsh conditions. Actinobacterial genera are known for their great potential to produce several bioactive substances 47 , 49 , 50 , although they also have the ability to degrade and use complex organic compounds and for their bioremediation of contaminated soils 51 . In fact, the predictive functional analysis using the Actinobacteria-derived 16S rRNA gene sequences showed enrichment of some functional categories related to carbohydrate metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation and bioactive compound biosynthesis when compared with the total bacterial community.…”
Although many advances have been achieved to treat aggressive tumours, cancer remains a leading cause of death and a public health problem worldwide. Among the main approaches for the discovery of new bioactive agents, the prospect of microbial secondary metabolites represents an effective source for the development of drug leads. In this study, we investigated the actinobacterial diversity associated with an endemic Antarctic species, Deschampsia antarctica, by integrated culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and acknowledged this niche as a reservoir of bioactive strains for the production of antitumour compounds. The 16S rRNA-based analysis showed the predominance of the Actinomycetales order, a well-known group of bioactive metabolite producers belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum. Cultivation techniques were applied, and 72 psychrotolerant Actinobacteria strains belonging to the genera Actinoplanes,
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