Isolation ofLecythophora mutabilis andWangiella dermatitidis from the fruit eating bat,Eidolon helvum

Muotoe-Okafor, Florence A.; Gugnani, H. C.

doi:10.1007/bf01103605

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Exophiala dermatitidis is known from natural habitats from tropical regions and has been reported in Brazil (Reiss and Mok, 1979 ), Nigeria (Muotoe-Okafor and Gugnani, 1993 ), and Thailand (Sudhadham et al, 2008 ; Zeng and De Hoog, 2008 ). In the domestic, man-made environment and in patients the fungus has a global distribution (Sudhadham et al, 2008 ; Zeng and De Hoog, 2008 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Ecology of Capsular Exophiala Species Causing Disseminated Infection in Humans

et al. 2017

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Exophiala spinifera and Exophiala dermatitidis (Fungi: Chaetothyriales) are black yeast agents potentially causing disseminated infection in apparently healthy humans. They are the only Exophiala species producing extracellular polysaccharides around yeast cells. In order to gain understanding of eventual differences in intrinsic virulence of the species, their clinical profiles were compared and found to be different, suggesting pathogenic strategies rather than coincidental opportunism. Ecologically relevant factors were compared in a model set of strains of both species, and significant differences were found in clinical and environmental preferences, but virulence, tested in Galleria mellonella larvae, yielded nearly identical results. Virulence factors, i.e., melanin, capsule and muriform cells responded in opposite direction under hydrogen peroxide and temperature stress and thus were inconsistent with their hypothesized role in survival of phagocytosis. On the basis of physiological profiles, possible natural habitats of both species were extrapolated, which proved to be environmental rather than animal-associated. Using comparative genomic analyses we found differences in gene content related to lipid metabolism, cell wall modification and polysaccharide capsule production. Despite the fact that both species cause disseminated infections in apparently healthy humans, it is concluded that they are opportunists rather than pathogens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Ecology of Capsular Exophiala Species Causing Disseminated Infection in Humans

et al. 2017

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“…While E . dermatitidis has rarely been solated in nature [ 60 , 63 , 64 ], it dominates dishwashers [ 20 ], and is frequently present in bathrooms [ 11 ], saunas and steam baths [ 54 ]. These ecological preferences might be explained by its ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons in combination with its tolerance to high temperatures and rapid changes in pH [ 20 ], as well as with its pleomorphic morphology [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Black Yeast Exophiala dermatitidis and Other Selected Opportunistic Human Fungal Pathogens Spread from Dishwashers to Kitchens

et al. 2016

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We investigated the diversity and distribution of fungi in nine different sites inside 30 residential dishwashers. In total, 503 fungal strains were isolated, which belong to 10 genera and 84 species. Irrespective of the sampled site, 83% of the dishwashers were positive for fungi. The most frequent opportunistic pathogenic species were Exophiala dermatitidis, Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Exophiala phaeomuriformis, Fusarium dimerum, and the Saprochaete/Magnusiomyces clade. The black yeast E. dermatitidis was detected in 47% of the dishwashers, primarily at the dishwasher rubber seals, at up to 106 CFU/cm2; the other fungi detected were in the range of 102 to 105 CFU/cm2. The other most heavily contaminated dishwasher sites were side nozzles, doors and drains. Only F. dimerum was isolated from washed dishes, while dishwasher waste water contained E. dermatitidis, Exophiala oligosperma and Sarocladium killiense. Plumbing systems supplying water to household appliances represent the most probable route for contamination of dishwashers, as the fungi that represented the core dishwasher mycobiota were also detected in the tap water. Hot aerosols from dishwashers contained the human opportunistic yeast C. parapsilosis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and E. dermatitidis (as well as common air-borne genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Cladosporium). Comparison of fungal contamination of kitchens without and with dishwashers revealed that virtually all were contaminated with fungi. In both cases, the most contaminated sites were the kitchen drain and the dish drying rack. The most important difference was higher prevalence of black yeasts (E. dermatitidis in particular) in kitchens with dishwashers. In kitchens without dishwashers, C. parapsilosis strongly prevailed with negligible occurrence of E. dermatitidis. F. dimerum was isolated only from kitchens with dishwashers, while Saprochaete/Magnusiomyces isolates were only found within dishwashers. We conclude that dishwashers represent a reservoir of enriched opportunistic pathogenic species that can spread from the dishwasher into the indoor biome.

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“…Feces of these animals were repeatedly found to contain several genotypes of the fungus, which suggests that this environment is highly suitable for growth; Aureobasidium was not recovered from such samples. Association with frugivorous bats and birds in the tropical rain forest has been observed in Thailand , Brazil (Reis & Mok 1979) and Nigeria (Muotoe-Okafor & Gugnani 1993). In addition to the occurrence of local, natural populations of the fungus, our data show that some genotypes have a worldwide distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Elucidation of distribution patterns and possible infection routes of the neurotropic black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis using AFLP

et al. 2011

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Isolation ofLecythophora mutabilis andWangiella dermatitidis from the fruit eating bat,Eidolon helvum

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative Ecology of Capsular Exophiala Species Causing Disseminated Infection in Humans

Comparative Ecology of Capsular Exophiala Species Causing Disseminated Infection in Humans

The Black Yeast Exophiala dermatitidis and Other Selected Opportunistic Human Fungal Pathogens Spread from Dishwashers to Kitchens

Elucidation of distribution patterns and possible infection routes of the neurotropic black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis using AFLP

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