Isolation of Two Strains of West Nile Virus during an Outbreak in Southern Russia, 1999

Lvov, D. K.; Butenko, A. M.; Gromashevsky, V. L.; Larichev, Viktor P.; Gaidamovich, S. Ya.; Vyshemirsky, O. I.; Zhukov, A. N.; Lazorenko, V. V.; Salko, V. N.; Kovtunov, A. I.; Галимзянов, Х М; Platonov, Alexander E.; Морозова, Т. Д.; Khutoretskaya, N. V.; Shishkina, E. O.; Skvortsova, T M

doi:10.3201/eid0604.000408

Cited by 85 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The severity and scope of the year 2000 outbreak in Israel can be better appreciated when compared with other WN virus outbreaks worldwide in the last decade (Table 2) (17,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The Israeli outbreak most resembles the Romanian outbreak in 1996 (17), although both the incidence (7 vs. 4 per 100,000 population, respectively) and the death rate of hospitalized patients (10.7% vs 4.3%, respectively) were higher in Israel.…”

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Fever Outbreak, Israel, 2000: Epidemiologic Aspects

Weinberger

Gandacu

et al. 2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

111

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417 cases of West Nile (WN) fever were serologically confirmed throughout Israel; 326 (78%) were hospitalized patients. Cases were distributed throughout the country; the highest incidence was in central Israel, the most populated part. Men and women were equally affected, and their mean age was 54±23.8 years (range 6 months to 95 years). Incidence per 1,000 population increased from 0.01 in the 1st decade of life to 0.87 in the 9th decade. There were 35 deaths (case-fatality rate 8.4%), all in patients >50 years of age. Age-specific case-fatality rate increased with age. Central nervous system involvement occurred in 170 (73%) of 233 hospitalized patients. The countrywide spread, number of hospitalizations, severity of the disease, and high death rate contrast with previously reported outbreaks in Israel.

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Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Fever Outbreak, Israel, 2000: Epidemiologic Aspects

Weinberger

Gandacu

et al. 2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

111

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“…All four residues show evidence of independent evolution, as in all cases there are isolates with the same amino acid in other clades or lineages. The Romanian isolate (RO97-50), which was collected during the large outbreak in the Bucharest region in 1996 (48), and the isolates from Volgograd from 1999 to 2000 (39) diverged from each other around 1993 (95% HPD, 1989 to 1996). The two isolates from Volgograd have two amino acid substitutions distinguishing them from other isolates in cluster 2, including RO97-50, E-V442I, and NS2A-H119Y (Fig.…”

Section: ϫ4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

May

Davis

Tesh

et al. 2011

J Virol

220

256

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West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed of the encephalitic flaviviruses and is a major cause of encephalitis, with isolates obtained from all continents, apart from Antarctica. Subsequent to its divergence from the other members of the Japanese encephalitis virus complex, presumably in Africa, WNV has diverged into individual lineages that mostly correspond with geographic distribution. Here we elucidate the phylogeography and evolutionary history of isolates from lineage 1 of WNV. Interestingly, there are many examples of the same amino acid having evolved independently on multiple occasions. In Africa, WNV exists in an endemic cycle, whereas it is epidemic in Europe, being reintroduced regularly from Africa either directly (in western Europe) or via the Middle East (in eastern Europe). Significantly, introduction into other geographic areas has occurred on one occasion only in each region, leading to subsequent establishment and expansion of the virus in these areas. Only one endemic genotype each is present in India and Australia, suggesting that WNV was successfully introduced into these locations once only. Each introduction occurred many centuries ago, probably due to trade and exploration during the 19th century. Likewise, in the Americas, WNV was successfully introduced in 1999 and subsequently became endemic across most temperate regions of North America (NA). In contrast to previous suggestions, an isolate from the epidemic in Israel in 1998 was not the direct progenitor of the NA epidemic; rather, both epidemics originated from the same (unknown) location.

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“…The former strain had been isolated from the brain of a patient from Volgograd who died in 1999 (Lvov et al, 2000). The viruses were propagated in Vero and PEK cell cultures in DMEM medium (SRC VB Vector) with 2% calf serum (Gibco, United States) and 80 mg/ml gentamicin sulfate.…”

Section: Virus and Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, WNV was for the first time registered in Argentina and Venezuela (Dauphin et al, 2004;Morales et al, 2006;Bosch et al, 2007). In 1999, an outbreak of WNF was also registered in the southern European section of Russia, and several years later WNV was found in the Asian section of Russia, namely, in areas of southern Western Siberia and Far East (Lvov et al, 2000Ternovoi et al, , 2006.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochemical and single molecule force spectroscopy studies of specific interaction between the laminin binding protein and the West Nile virus surface glycoprotein E domain II

Bogachek

Протопопова

Loktev

et al. 2007

J of Molecular Recognition

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ELISA and Western blot immunochemical data attest an effective and highly specific interaction of the surface glycoprotein E domain II (DII) of the tick born encephalitis and Dengue viruses with the laminin binding protein (LBP). Based on a highly conservative structure of the DII in different flaviviruses we propose a similarly effective interaction between the LBP and the DII of the surface glycoprotein E of the West Nile virus. We report the results of studies of this interaction by immunochemical and single molecule force spectroscopy methods. The specific binding between these species is confirmed by both methods.

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Isolation of Two Strains of West Nile Virus during an Outbreak in Southern Russia, 1999

Cited by 85 publications

References 5 publications

West Nile Fever Outbreak, Israel, 2000: Epidemiologic Aspects

West Nile Fever Outbreak, Israel, 2000: Epidemiologic Aspects

Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

Immunochemical and single molecule force spectroscopy studies of specific interaction between the laminin binding protein and the West Nile virus surface glycoprotein E domain II

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