“…They are, however, more important for thoracic operations, especially in vascular, cardiac, oesophageal, and mediastinal surgery [1,9,12,14,34]. Modern radiological techniques, especially computerised tomographic angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), multislice CT (MSCT), and MSCT angiography, have enabled an elegant insight into the thoracic blood vessels [21,27].…”