Isolation of Rabies Virus Outside the Human Central Nervous System

Duenas, A Paez; Betsey, Mark A.; Escobar, Juan Carlos; Medina, Pablo; Sanmartin, Carlos

doi:10.1093/infdis/127.6.702

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There is an obvious need for further study of early extraneural rabies virus growth at the site of invasion and intraneuronal virus growth in the brain in animal species which are important in disease transmission cycles in nature. Rabies virus has been isolated repeatedly from human striated and cardiac muscle tissue taken at autopsy [10,11]; further understanding of the role of such myotropism in human disease is also needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Street Rabies Virus Infection in Striated Muscle and Later Progression to the Central Nervous System

Murphy¹,

Bauer²

1974

Intervirology

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Twelve isolates of street rabies virus were inoculated intramuscularly into young hamsters and the course of infection was followed by frozen section immunofluorescence. Animals infected with 10 of the 12 viruses had antigen in striated muscle at day 3, but involvement of other tissues was absent or extremely sparse. Muscle infection was still most pronounced at day 6, but neuromuscular spindle, nerve, and brain infections were also detected in a majority of animals. Progression of infection was continuous, with striking terminal accumulations of antigen. The early myotropism of rabies virus may yield the virus which invades the peripheral nervous system, and may represent a phase of infection vulnerable to postexposure intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Street Rabies Virus Infection in Striated Muscle and Later Progression to the Central Nervous System

Murphy¹,

Bauer²

1974

Intervirology

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“…Sympathetic innervation of the kidneys controls natriuresis, while RABV has been detected in proximal tubular cells or urinary sediment and associated with glycosuria, so renal salt wasting is biologically plausible by 2 mechanisms: dysautonomia and renal tubular dysfunction. 4,19,41–43 Both cerebral edema and salt wasting lasted weeks. 43 Management of hyponatremia in this patient was facilitated by use of enteral sodium supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virology, Immunology and Pathology of Human Rabies During Treatment

Caicedo

Páez

Kuzmin

et al. 2015

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background Rabies is an acute fatal encephalitis caused by all members of the Lyssavirus genus. The first human rabies survivor without benefit of prior vaccination was reported from Milwaukee in 2005. We report a second unvaccinated patient who showed early recovery from rabies and then died accidentally during convalescence, providing an unparalleled opportunity to examine the histopathology as well as immune and virological correlates of early recovery from human rabies. Methods Case report, rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect and direct fluorescent antibody assays, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, phylogenetic reconstruction, isolation in tissue culture, pathology and immunohistochemistry. Results The 9 year old died 76 days after presenting with rabies of vampire bat phylogeny transmitted by cat bite. Antibody response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid was robust and associated with severe cerebral edema. No rabies virus was cultured at autopsy. Rabies virus antigen was atypical in size and distribution. Rabies virus genome was present in neocortex but absent in brainstem. Conclusions Clinical recovery was associated with detection of neutralizing antibody and clearance of infectious rabies virus in the central nervous system by 76 days but not clearance of detectable viral subcomponents such as nucleoprotein antigen or RNA in brain.

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“…TŸkŸrŸk bezlerinde asini hŸcrelerinde, nekroz ve interstisyel hŸcre infiltrasyonu, bšbrek tŸbŸllerinde akut dejenerasyonlara neden olabilmektedir (3,22,23).…”

Section: Gürüþunclassified

Kuduz Hastalığına Bağlı Bir Adli Otopsi

Tuğcu¹,

Dalgıç²,

Öngürü³

et al. 2003

Bull Leg Med

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…ZETKuduz hastalÝÛÝ, Rhabdoviridea ailesinden LyssavirusÕun neden olduÛu, akut seyreden ve profilaksi yapÝlmadÝÛÝnda šlŸmle sonu•lanan viral bir enfeksiyondur. SaÛlÝk BakanlÝÛÝ verilerine gšre TŸrkiyeÕde 1973-2001 yÝllarÝ arasÝnda 529 kuduz hastalÝÛÝna baÛlÝ šlŸm olgusu bildirilmißtir. DŸnyadaki insan kuduz vakalarÝnÝn yÝllÝk insidansÝnÝn 25.000Õin Ÿzerinde olduÛu belirtilmektedir.Olgumuz, 21 yaßÝnda erkek olup bir kšpek tarafÝndan frontal bšlgesinden ÝsÝrÝldÝÛÝ, temas sonrasÝ profilaksinin yapÝldÝÛÝ, 25 gŸn sonra šldŸÛŸ bildirilmißtir.Kuduz hastalÝÛÝna baÛlÝ šlŸm olgularÝnda, kesin šlŸm nedeninin saptanabilmesi i•in genel otopsi uygulamalarÝ yanÝnda laboratuvar araßtÝrmalarÝn da yapÝlmasÝ gerekmektedir. Otopsi ekibinin, etkenin bulaßma riskine karßÝ šnlem almasÝ, otopsi salonunun ve otopsi aletlerinin dezenfeksiyonu ile postmortem inceleme i•in uygun dokular alÝnmasÝnda, ayrÝca uygun koßul-larda muhafaza edilerek laboratuvara gšnderilmesinde standart protokollerin uygulanmasÝ šnem taßÝmaktadÝr.Olgumuz, profilaksiye raÛmen šlŸme neden olabilecek faktšrlerin tartÝßÝlmasÝ ve kuduz hastalÝÛÝ ßŸpheli olgularÝn otopsilerinde dikkat edilmesi gereken šnlemlerin vurgulanmasÝ amacÝyla sunulmaktadÝr.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kuduz, otopsi, biyolojik korunma. SUMMARYRabies is an acute viral infectious disease with the highest mortality rate The causative agent is a neurotropic RNA virus in the family of Rhabdoviridae genus Lyssa virus. According to the records of Ministry of Health in Turkey; 529 people died from rabies between 1973-2001. It is estimated that human cases associated with rabies occur with an incidence of 25000 per year.Our case was a 21 years old male. He had a history of dog bite at the frontal site of his head and death occured within 25 days despite the prophylaxis.If a case is suspected to be dead because of infectious diseases, an autopsy can be performed without permission of relatives, by demand of officers, only.Spesific laboratory tests should also be done as a component of autopsy procedures in cases of human deaths associated with rabies. Autopsy team must be aware of the risk of transmission of virus and standard protocoles must be followed in disenfection of autopsy room, and instruments, and also in handling tissue samples.In this case, our purpose was to investigate and discuss the factors that may cause death in cases of rabies in spite of prophylaxis and highlight the biosafety considerations during autopsy in cases with suspicion of rabies.

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Isolation of Rabies Virus Outside the Human Central Nervous System

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Early Street Rabies Virus Infection in Striated Muscle and Later Progression to the Central Nervous System

Early Street Rabies Virus Infection in Striated Muscle and Later Progression to the Central Nervous System

Virology, Immunology and Pathology of Human Rabies During Treatment

Kuduz Hastalığına Bağlı Bir Adli Otopsi

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