Isolation of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from UK Water and Shellfish Produce

Powell, Andy; Baker‐Austin, Craig; Wagley, Sariqa; Bayley, Amanda; Hartnell, Rachel

doi:10.1007/s00248-013-0201-8

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Exchange of genetic material occurs among autochthonous estuarine and marine bacteria and also human pathogens released via anthropogenic activities to the aquatic environment. Coastal water contamination with V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 has been reported worldwide (Myers et al, 2003; Islam et al, 2004; Quilici et al, 2005; Ottaviani et al, 2010a; Powell et al, 2013). Clearly pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus can be considered ubiquitous in the marine environment.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…References to these data are a small portion of the published studies and should guide as an example. (Myers et al, 2003; Islam et al, 2004; Quilici et al, 2005; Nair et al, 2007; Ellingsen et al, 2008; Ottaviani et al, 2008, 2010b; Chao et al, 2009, 2010; Baker-Austin et al, 2010; Jones et al, 2012; Velazquez-Roman et al, 2012; Powell et al, 2013). …”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors

Ceccarelli

Hasan

Huq

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

184

157

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus, autochthonous to estuarine, marine, and coastal environments throughout the world, is the causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis. More than 80 serotypes have been described worldwide, based on antigenic properties of the somatic (O) and capsular (K) antigens. Serovar O3:K6 emerged in India in 1996 and subsequently was isolated worldwide, leading to the conclusion that the first V. parahaemolyticus pandemic had taken place. Most strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from the environment or seafood, in contrast to clinical strains, do not produce a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or a TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs), needle-like apparatuses able to deliver bacterial effectors into host cytoplasm, were identified as triggering cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity. Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) predicted to be involved in intracellular trafficking and vesicular transport appear to play a role in V. parahaemolyticus virulence. Recent advances in V. parahaemolyticus genomics identified several pathogenicity islands (VpaIs) located on either chromosome in both epidemic and pandemic strains and comprising additional colonization factors, such as restriction-modification complexes, chemotaxis proteins, classical bacterial surface virulence factors, and putative colicins. Furthermore, studies indicate strains lacking toxins and genomic regions associated with pathogenicity may also be pathogenic, suggesting other important virulence factors remain to be identified. The unique repertoire of virulence factors identified to date, their occurrence and distribution in both epidemic and pandemic strains worldwide are described, with the aim of highlighting the complexity of V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity as well as its dynamic genome.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors

Ceccarelli

Hasan

Huq

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

184

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Until 2007, 22 serotypes had been traced to the pandemic clone based on these characteristics (Nair et al, 2007). In recent years, an increasing number of pandemic serotypes have been reported to be widely distributed in countries across four continents (Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa) (Ansaruzzaman et al, 2008; Ottaviani et al, 2010; Powell et al, 2013; Li et al, 2014; Velazquez-Roman et al, 2014; Guerrero et al, 2017), suggesting that these pandemic serotypes pose a mounting public health threat. This threat calls for higher surveillance of the pandemic clone to reduce illnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spreading of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and Its Serovariants: A Re-analysis of Strains Isolated from Multiple Studies

Han

Tang

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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In China, V. parahaemolyticus has been a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks and bacterial infectious diarrhea since the 1990s, and most infections have been associated with the pandemic V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and its serovariants. However, a comprehensive overview of the sero-prevalence and genetic diversity of the pandemic V. parahaemolyticus clone in China is lacking. To compensate for this deficiency, pandemic isolates in both clinical and environmental Chinese samples collected from multiple studies were analyzed in this study. Surprisingly, as many as 27 clinical pandemic serovariants were identified and were widely distributed across nine coastal provinces and two inland provinces (Beijing and Sichuan). O3:K6, O4:K68, and O1:KUT represented the predominant clinical serovars. Only four environmental pandemic serovariants had previously been reported, and they were spread throughout Shanghai (O1:KUT, O3:K6), Jiangsu (O3:K6, O4:K48), Zhejiang (O3:K6), and Guangdong (O4:K9). Notably, 24 pandemic serovariants were detected within a short time frame (from 2006 to 2012). The pandemic isolates were divided into 15 sequence types (STs), 10 of which fell within clonal complex (CC) 3. Only three STs (ST3, ST192, and ST305) were identified in environmental isolates. Substantial serotypic diversity was mainly observed among isolates within pandemic ST3, which comprised 21 combinations of O/K antigens. The pandemic O3:K6 serotype showed a high level of sequence diversity, which was shared by eight different STs (ST3, ST227, ST431, ST435, ST487, ST489, ST526, and ST672). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that most isolates shared similar antibiotic susceptibility profiles. They were resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to most other drugs that were tested. In conclusion, the high levels of serotypic and genetic diversity of the pandemic clone suggest that the involved regions are becoming important reservoirs for the emergence of novel pandemic strains. We underscore the need for routine monitoring to prevent pandemic V. parahaemolyticus infection, which includes monitoring antimicrobial responses to avoid excessive misuse of antibiotics. Further investigations are also needed to delineate the specific mechanisms underlying the possible seroconversion of pandemic isolates.

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“…Previous work has evaluated the distribution of bacterial pathogens in shellfish; however, information about the bioaccumulation and distribution of viral pathogens is more limited (34)(35)(36). In general, viral localization in shellfish has been shown to differ based on the exposure time and the virus type (37)(38)(39)(40)(41).…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermal Inactivation of Enteric Viruses and Bioaccumulation of Enteric Foodborne Viruses in Live Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Araud

DiCaprio

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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f Human enteric viruses are among the main causative agents of shellfish-associated outbreaks. In this study, the kinetics of viral bioaccumulation in live oysters and the heat stabilities of the predominant enteric viruses were determined both in tissue culture and in oyster tissues. A human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4 strain, HuNoV surrogates (murine norovirus [MNV-1], Tulane virus [TV]), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and human rotavirus (RV) bioaccumulated to high titers within oyster tissues, with different patterns of bioaccumulation for the different viruses. We tested the thermal stability of each virus at 62, 72, and 80°C in culture medium. The viruses can be ranked from the most heat resistant to the least stable as follows: HAV, RV, TV, MNV-1. In addition, we found that oyster tissues provided protection to the viruses during heat treatment. To decipher the mechanism underlying viral inactivation by heat, purified TV was treated at 80°C for increasing time intervals. It was found that the integrity of the viral capsid was disrupted, whereas viral genomic RNA remained intact. Interestingly, heat treatment leading to complete loss of TV infectivity was not sufficient to completely disrupt the receptor binding activity of TV, as determined by the porcine gastric mucin-magnetic bead binding assay. Similarly, HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs) and a HuNoV GII.4 strain retained some receptor binding ability following heat treatment. Although foodborne viruses have variable heat stability, 80°C for >6 min was sufficient to completely inactivate enteric viruses in oysters, with the exception of HAV.A pproximately 7.6 million to 14.5 million illnesses in the United States are attributed to the consumption of contaminated seafood each year, and enteric viruses are responsible for more than 50% of these cases (1). In a review of the available epidemiological evidence, human norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) were the leading viruses associated with shellfish, accounting for 83.7% and 12.8% of outbreaks, respectively (2). The type of shellfish most frequently associated with viral outbreaks was oysters, which were the vehicle in 58.4% of outbreaks (2). In some regions, human enteric viruses are practically ubiquitous in harvested shellfish. Keller et al. (3) showed that 100% of shellfish samples collected from Vitória Bay, Espírito Santo, Brazil, were positive for rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus. However, only 80% of the growing water samples were positive for these pathogens. Viral titers were 400 times higher in the shellfish samples than in the growing water, indicating high levels of natural bioaccumulation (3). In the Galician Rias area, the largest shellfish production area in the European Union, 55% of mussel, clam, and cockle samples were contaminated by HuNoV genogroup I (GI) and GII and HAV (4). Thus, understanding of the ecology and persistence of enteric viruses in shellfish is needed to help prevent future outbreaks.The consumption of uncooked contaminated bivalve shellfish continues to pose a public ...

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Isolation of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from UK Water and Shellfish Produce

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors

Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors

Spreading of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and Its Serovariants: A Re-analysis of Strains Isolated from Multiple Studies

Thermal Inactivation of Enteric Viruses and Bioaccumulation of Enteric Foodborne Viruses in Live Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

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