Isolation of Salmonella spp. from black spiny‐tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis) meat commercialised in markets of León city, Nicaragua

Abstract

Background The black spiny‐tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis) is an endemic animal in Mesoamerica, whose meat is consumed by the local population. Objectives Because the black spiny‐tailed iguana may be potential reservoirs of pathogens, this study aimed to isolate and characterise Salmonella spp. in their meat commercialised in markets of the city of León, Nicaragua. Methods Thirteen specimens were analysed for the isolation of Salmonella spp., as well as their antimicrobial resistance patterns, including the presence of genes encoding extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases. Results Salmonella spp. isolates were found in eight out of 13 samples, with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis being found in six out of eight samples. Moreover, eight Salmonella spp. isolates were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and cephalexin, but sensitive to other tested antibiotics. The blaSHV gene was detected in seven out of eight Salmonella spp. isolates, followed by the blaTEM (two out of eight) and blaCXT‐M (one out of eight) genes. Conclusions These findings represent an important contribution to the implementation of appropriate strategies to prevent foodborne diseases.

Molecular Characterization of Salmonella spp. Isolates from Wild Colombian Babilla (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) Isolated In Situ

“…The bla TEM gene encodes for Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), a protein that produces a hydrolyzation of β-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin [ 41 ]. This frequency is higher compared to the Salmonella strains isolated from iguanas, where two out of eight carried the gene [ 42 ]. In addition, Bittner-Torrejón [ 43 ] reported that 61.7% ( n = 21/34) of the strains isolated from reptiles were positive for bla TEM gene.…”

“…Likewise, the sul1 gene encoding dihydropteroate synthases, which confer sulfamethoxazole resistance [ 47 ], was detected in the totality of the strains, which differs from reports in the United States, where this gene was not present in wild reptiles [ 46 ]. Furthermore, bla CMY2 (86.7%; n = 13/15) and bla CTX-M (80%; n = 12/15) genes that confer resistance to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime through the hydrolyzation of antibiotics have been reported in Salmonella isolated from iguanas ( bla CTX-M ; n = 1/8), horses, wild reptiles, wild mammals, and companion animals ( bla CMY2 ; n = 44/193) [ 42 , 46 ].…”