Isolation of free-living pathogenic amoebae from thermal spas in N.W. Spain

Penas-Ares, Monica; Paniagua, E.; Madriñan-Choren, Rafael; Marti-Mallen, Margarita; Arias-Fernandez, M. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00475670

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Spain, previous studies have analyzed the FLA distribution in wastewater plants in Navarra, thermal spas, public fountains in Galicia, and tap water and seawater sources in the Canary Islands, showing that the prevalence varies for Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Hartmannella. ,− …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Free-Living Amoebae and Amoeba-Associated Bacteria from Reservoirs and Water Treatment Plants by Molecular Techniques

Garcı́a¹,

Goñi²,

Cieloszyk³

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The occurrence of free-living amoebae (FLA) was investigated in 83 water samples from reservoirs and water treatment plants, with culture positive in 64 of them (77.1%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of partial 18S rRNA gene and ITS region was performed in order to identify amoeba isolates, and the presence of Legionella pneumophila , Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated in 43 isolates of amoebae by multiplex PCR. Of the isolated amoebae, 31 were Acanthamoeba spp., 21 were Hartmannella vermiformis, 13 were Naegleria spp., and one was Vanella spp. T2, T4, and T5 genotypes of Acanthamoeba have been identified, and T4 isolates were grouped into five subgenotypes and graphically represented with a Weblog application. Inside amoebae, L. pneumophila was detected in 13.9% (6/43) of the isolates, and Pseudomonas spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were detected in 32.6% (14/43) and 41.9% (18/43), respectively. No statistical correlation was demonstrated between FLA isolation and seasonality, but the presence of intracellular bacteria was associated with warm water temperatures, and also the intracellular presence of Mycobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were associated. These results highlight the importance of amoebae in natural waters as reservoirs of potential pathogens and its possible role in the spread of bacterial genera with interest in public and environmental health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Free-Living Amoebae and Amoeba-Associated Bacteria from Reservoirs and Water Treatment Plants by Molecular Techniques

Garcı́a¹,

Goñi²,

Cieloszyk³

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…TA B L E 1Penas-Ares, Paniagua-Crespo, Madrinan-Choren,Marti- Mallen, and Arias-Fernandez (1994) TA B L E 1 (Continued)(Continues)The pooled worldwide prevalence of Naegleria spp. in water source relying on publication year of the included studies was as follows: <2010 year, 30.90% (95% CI: 22.10-40.45); and ≥2010 year,23.12% (95% CI: 18.63-27.93).…”

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confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis on the global prevalence of Naegleria spp. in water sources

Saberi

Seifi

Dodangeh

et al. 2020

Transbound. Emerg. Dis.

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Naegleria genus belongs to the flagellate free-living amoebae, which is ubiquitous in the environment (De Jonckheere, 2011). They have been found in various water resources (rivers, lakes and hot springs) and soil environments all around the world (De Jonckheere, 2011). Naegleria genus is classified in the Vahlkampfiidae family consisting of 47 species. There are three morphological forms to its life cycle: feeding trophozoite stage, transitional flagellate stage and dormant cyst stage (Siddiqui, Ali, Cope, & Khan, 2016). Naegleria fowleri is the only pathogen species of the genus Naegleria that is commonly known as brain-eating amoebae. It can cause a rare and devastating

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“…and Acanthamoeba spp. Penas-Ares et al 1994 Spain Thermal spa water (12) 12 8 Morphology Vahlkampfia longicauda , Vahlkampfia salina , Vahlkampia baltica , Vahlkampfia sp., A . polyphaga , Acanthamoeba lenticulata , Naegleria sp., Lingulamoeba sp., Paramoeba aesturina , and Flabellula sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of free-living amoebae in swimming pools and recreational waters, a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Free-living amoebae (FLA) are cosmopolitan microorganisms known to be pathogenic to humans who often have a history of contact with contaminated water. Swimming pools and recreational waters are among the environments where the greatest human exposure to FLA occurs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FLA in swimming pools and recreational waters, through a systematic review and meta-analysis that included studies published between 1977 and 2022. A total of 106 studies were included and an overall prevalence of FLA in swimming pools and recreational waters of 44.34% (95% CI = 38.57–50.18) was found. Considering the studies published up to 2010 (1977–2010), between 2010 and 2015, and those published after 2010 (> 2010–2022), the prevalence was 53.09% (95% CI = 43.33–62.73) and 37.07% (95% CI = 28.87–45.66) and 45.40% (95% CI = 35.48–55.51), respectively. The highest prevalence was found in the American continent (63.99%), in Mexico (98.35%), and in indoor hot swimming pools (52.27%). The prevalence varied with the variation of FLA detection methods, morphology (57.21%), PCR (25.78%), and simultaneously morphology and PCR (43.16%). The global prevalence by genera was Vahlkampfia spp. (54.20%), Acanthamoeba spp. (33.47%), Naegleria spp. (30.95%), Hartmannella spp./ Vermamoeba spp. (20.73%), Stenamoeba spp . (12.05%), and Vannella spp. (10.75%). There is considerable risk of FLA infection in swimming pools and recreational waters. Recreational water safety needs to be routinely monitored and, in case of risk, locations need to be identified with warning signs and users need to be educated. Swimming pools and artificial recreational water should be properly disinfected. Photolysis of NaOCl or NaCl in water by UV-C radiation is a promising alternative to disinfect swimming pools and artificial recreational waters. Graphical abstract Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00436-022-07631-3.

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Isolation of free-living pathogenic amoebae from thermal spas in N.W. Spain

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of Free-Living Amoebae and Amoeba-Associated Bacteria from Reservoirs and Water Treatment Plants by Molecular Techniques

Identification of Free-Living Amoebae and Amoeba-Associated Bacteria from Reservoirs and Water Treatment Plants by Molecular Techniques

A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis on the global prevalence of Naegleria spp. in water sources

Prevalence of free-living amoebae in swimming pools and recreational waters, a systematic review and meta-analysis

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