Isolation of flavipin, a fungus compound antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes

Abstract

An isolate of the fungus Chaetomium globosum produced culture broths that inhibited in vitro egg hatch and juvenile mobility of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and hatch of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Extraction and bioassay-directed fractionation of the culture broth ltrate determined that avipin, a low molecular weight compound, was the fungus metabolite responsible for most of the nematode-antagonistic activity. Synthesis of avipin permitted evaluation of the compound as a suppressor of nematode populations on plants in glasshouse studies. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) plants in steamed and unsteamed soil were inoculated with root-knot nematodes and various concentrations of avipin were applied to the soil. Contrary to expectations from the in vitro studies, the number of galls per g of roots increased with avipin treatment at the 14-day harvest. No effect of avipin on nematode populations was found at the 55-day harvest. In general, plant growth and nematode populations were greater in plants grown in steamed soil.

Potential use of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) endophytic fungi as seed treatment agents against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

“…Other studies also demonstrated that fungi from the genera Acremonium, Paecilomyces, and Chaetomium produced nematicidal compounds (Sharon et al, 2001;Nitao et al, 2002;Goswamia et al, 2008), Phyllosticta Cucumber endophytic fungi strain was for the first time found to produce nematicidal compounds in our study. Toxic activities of the culture filtrates of Fusarium isolates and Trichoderma Tr882 were not detected.…”

“…Endophytic Fusarium isolates were proved again to be useful candidates for plant parasitic nematode control. Fungi from the genera Acremonium, Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, and Chaetomium have been extensively documented as antagonistic to plant parasitic nematodes (Sharon et al, 2001;Nitao et al, 2002;Kalele et al, 2007;Goswamia et al, 2008). In this study, it was shown that part of their life cycle can also be endophytic.…”

Nematicidal Metabolites Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Geotrichum sp. AL4

“…However, their effect is quite astonishing when considering their very simple chemical structures, compound 4 even lacking a stereogenic center. A series of simple aromatic fungal compounds -including para-anisaldehyde, para-anisyl alcohol, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol, 2-hydroxy-(4'-methoxy)propiophenone [16], 3-para-anisoloxypropionate [17], flavipin [18], 3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde, and butyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate -were also found to exhibit weak-to-moderate activities against different nematodes [19].…”

Screening culture filtrates of fungi for activity against Tylenchulus semipenetrans

“…A closely related species, C. globosum, produced compounds that inhibited egg hatching and J2 motility in Meloidogyne incognita and egg hatch in Heterodera glycines (Nitao et al, 2002). The activity of the culture filtrate of A. strictum decreased after autoclaving.…”