Isolation of (E)-9,10-dihydroxy-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly and determination of the absolute configuration by chemical synthesis

Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric investigation of volatile and extractable compounds of crude royal jelly

“…More than half of extracted with diethyl ether compounds (47 substances) belong to hydroxy and dicarboxylic fatty acids. Thirty five of listed in Table 2 acids were previously reported as RJ constituents by authors [13,15,25,29,40] and nine of them were identified also in extracts of mandibular glands taken from adult queen bees A. mellifera carnica [41]. Nine out of the 13 components, which we detected in RJ for the first time (all these compounds are printed in Table 2 in italics), belong to hydroxy and oxo-carboxylic acids.…”

Hypoallergenicity and Immunological Characterization of Enzyme-Treated Royal Jelly from Apis mellifera

“…RJ is composed of water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, mineral salts and vitamins. 1,2) (E)-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which is the major fatty acid in RJ, has been used as an indicator of the quality of RJ. 2) Dried RJ is largely made of proteins, mainly belonging to one protein family and designated as major royal jelly protein (MRJP).…”

“…1,2) (E)-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which is the major fatty acid in RJ, has been used as an indicator of the quality of RJ. 2) Dried RJ is largely made of proteins, mainly belonging to one protein family and designated as major royal jelly protein (MRJP). [3][4][5][6] MRJPs account for 82-90% of total RJ proteins.…”