Royal Jelly Fatty Acids: Chemical Composition, Extraction, Biological Activity, and Prospect

3α-Hydroxylup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic Acid as a Phytogenic Chemical Marker for Authenticating Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms Monofloral Honey

“…Among them, vinyl caffeate, phaseollinisoflavan, lupiwighteone hydrate 7-glucoside, and 3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan, belonging to phytochemicals, were previously found in Isodon amethystoides tea, common bean, hawthorn, and Platymiscium floribundum, respectively. The identified fatty acids, 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and sebacic acid, were also previously detected in royal jelly. , Besides, compound 14 gave a molecular ion at m / z 535.3077 [M − H] − with the inferred molecular formula C 30 H 48 O 6 S, which generated fragment ions at m / z 491.1750 [M − H − CO 2 ] − , m / z 439.1693 [M − H − SO 4 ] − , and m / z 393.1708 [M − H − H 2 O − CO − SO 4 ] − . Compound 24 with [M − H] − at m / z 485.3179 and inferring the molecular formula C 30 H 46 O 5 generated fragment ions at m / z 467.2268 [M − H − H 2 O] − , m / z 439.1690 [M − H − H 2 O − CO] − , and m / z 423.1697 [M − H − H 2 O − CO 2 ] − .…”

“…The identified fatty acids, 3hydroxyoctanoic acid and sebacic acid, were also previously detected in royal jelly. 43,44 Besides, compound 14 Combining these mass spectral information and fragmentation information with isolated standards and reported literature, 45 compounds 14 and 24 were identified as betulinic acid 3-Osulfate and HLEDA, respectively, previously found in P-Sco. 8 The detailed mass spectrometry information and the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of the predicted compounds are shown in Table 2 and Figure 2B, respectively.…”

Long-Term Supplementation of Royal Jelly (Raydel®) Improves Zebrafish Growth, Embryo Production and Survivability, Blood Lipid Profile and Functionality of Vital Organs: A 72-Weeks’ Consumption Study

“…Royal jelly is a rich source of various nutrients and pharmacologically important substances and is often used as a traditional medicine [ 7 ]. Several previous reports documented royal jelly’s therapeutic effect and functionality as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antimicrobial, and wound-healing agent [ 5 , 8 , 10 , 11 ], making it a viable commercial product. Despite its numerous uses, the health impact of the prolonged dietary intake of royal jelly needs to be extensively documented.…”

“…Among the distinct lipids present in the royal jelly, the majority of the lipids are composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (8–12 carbon chains) with mono- or dicarboxylic acid groups that account for 80% of the total lipids in royal jelly. The most noteworthy fatty acid that is exclusively present in royal jelly is 10-hydroxy-2 decanoic acid (10-HDA), which is responsible for imparting several beneficial properties to royal jelly [ 4 , 8 ]. Besides fatty acids, the lipid content of royal jelly is constituted of wax (5–6%), phenolic acid (4–10%), and sterol (3–4%) [ 5 ].…”

“…Royal jelly is well known to exert numerous pharmacological effects owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties [ 5 ]. The noteworthy role of royal jelly as an antitumor, antiallergic, antiaging, wound-healing, and immunomodulatory agent is well documented in the literature [ 5 , 8 , 10 , 11 ]. Also, royal jelly is substantially used in the cosmetic industry due to its inhibitory effect on sebum secretion and, consequently, its impact on acne formation, acne-induced lesions, and small wounds [ 12 ].…”