Abstract:Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cells, have great potential as cancer biomarkers in clinical applications. However, enrichment and detection of exosomes from complex media remains a...
“…Fourth, it may be related to tumour immune escape mediated by exosomal PD-L1 ( 38 ). In addition to their own high expression of PD-L1 to suppress immune system-mediated immune evasion, tumour cells can also release PD-L1-carrying exosomes that are equally capable of remotely interfering with immune cell activity ( 39 , 40 ). These reasons can explain why ES-SCLC patients with negative PD-L1 expression can benefit from OS.…”
ObjectivesTo provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinicaltrials and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to extract RCTs concerning the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of ES-SCLC from the time of database inception to October 31, 2022. The literature was independently selected, information was extracted and the risk of bias of the RCTs was evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata14.0 was used for the meta-analysis.ResultsSix studies involving 2,600 patients were included in the analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors significantly improved the OS (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.66-0.80; P<0.0001), prolonged PFS (HR: 0.66,95% CI: 0.55-0.79; P<0.0001) and did not increase overall incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97-1.09; P=0.330) in ES-SCLC patients compared with chemotherapy alone. The subgroup analysis found that patients with negative PD-L1 expression (< 1%) benefited in OS, whereas patients with positive PD-L1 expression (≥1%) had no statistically significant difference in OS. There was a statistically significant difference in PFS between PD-L1-negative (< 1%) and PD-L1-positive (≥1%) patients. The addition of a PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor to the chemotherapy regimen can improve OS and prolong PFS in patients with ES-SCLC.ConclusionsPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combination chemotherapy significantly improves PFS and OS in ES-SCLC patients without increasing the overall incidence of TRAEs.
“…Fourth, it may be related to tumour immune escape mediated by exosomal PD-L1 ( 38 ). In addition to their own high expression of PD-L1 to suppress immune system-mediated immune evasion, tumour cells can also release PD-L1-carrying exosomes that are equally capable of remotely interfering with immune cell activity ( 39 , 40 ). These reasons can explain why ES-SCLC patients with negative PD-L1 expression can benefit from OS.…”
ObjectivesTo provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinicaltrials and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to extract RCTs concerning the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of ES-SCLC from the time of database inception to October 31, 2022. The literature was independently selected, information was extracted and the risk of bias of the RCTs was evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata14.0 was used for the meta-analysis.ResultsSix studies involving 2,600 patients were included in the analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors significantly improved the OS (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.66-0.80; P<0.0001), prolonged PFS (HR: 0.66,95% CI: 0.55-0.79; P<0.0001) and did not increase overall incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97-1.09; P=0.330) in ES-SCLC patients compared with chemotherapy alone. The subgroup analysis found that patients with negative PD-L1 expression (< 1%) benefited in OS, whereas patients with positive PD-L1 expression (≥1%) had no statistically significant difference in OS. There was a statistically significant difference in PFS between PD-L1-negative (< 1%) and PD-L1-positive (≥1%) patients. The addition of a PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor to the chemotherapy regimen can improve OS and prolong PFS in patients with ES-SCLC.ConclusionsPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combination chemotherapy significantly improves PFS and OS in ES-SCLC patients without increasing the overall incidence of TRAEs.
“…This PD-L1 assay has the advantage of using iodixanol density gradient centrifugation to exclude major non-vesicular components and large extracellular vesicles, and the Aptamer can more easily penetrate the glycosylated PD-L1 protein of exosomes, which increases the sensitivity of detection. The method can distinguish not only tumor exosomes from normal exosomes but also exosomes with different PD-L1 expression levels 112 . Cu-TCPP 2D MOF was added to the experiment by Wang et al to increase the sensitivity of exosomal PD-L1 detection ( Fig.…”
Programmed death-1 is a protein found on the surface of immune cells that can interact with its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is expressed on the plasma membrane, the surface of secreted cellular exosomes, in cell nuclei, or as a circulating soluble protein. This interaction can lead to immune escape in cancer patients. In clinical settings, PD-L1 plays an important role in tumor disease diagnosis, determining therapeutic effectiveness, and predicting patient prognosis. PD-L1 inhibitors are also essential components of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, the detection of PD-L1 levels is crucial, especially in the era of precision cancer therapy. In recent years, innovations have been made in traditional immunoassay methods and the development of new immunoassays for PD-L1 detection. This review aims to summarize recent research progress in tumor PD-L1 detection technology and highlight the clinical applications of PD-L1.
“…Another group used a biotinylated PD-L1 aptamer to capture PD-L1+ EVs on an SPR biosensor to permit label-free detection of exosome PD-L1 expression for real-time monitoring of tumor progression during immunotherapy ( Fig. 5 C) [ 116 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Advances In Tde Nucleic Acid and Protein Detectionmentioning
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