Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the Coronary Artery of a Patient with Coronary Atherosclerosis

Ramirez, Julio A.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00008

Cited by 442 publications

(271 citation statements)

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“…The culture of C. pneumoniae from atheromatous tissue has only rarely been achieved [25][26][27] , which may be because it is in a latent phase with low metabolic activity, generating forms that are difficult to culture.…”

Section: Associated With Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of viable bacteria in atheromas was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR and confirmed by culture of isolates from coronary and carotid artery samples [25,26] . The culture of C. pneumoniae from atheromatous tissue has only rarely been achieved [25][26][27] , which may be because it is in a latent phase with low metabolic activity, generating forms that are difficult to culture.…”

Section: Associated With Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Сергеевна¹,

Васильевич²

2009

Lexikon Der Infektionskrankheiten Des Menschen

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Background : Chlamydophila pneumoniae infections are a common cause of acute respiratory diseases, including upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. Over the past few years, C. pneumoniae infections have been strongly related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Objective : The aim of this review is to offer an update and overview of recent advances in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these infections. Methods : Diagnostic systems have improved but further progress is required to allow a reliable diagnosis to be made. This is especially true for atherosclerotic diseases, for which standard criteria need to be established. Results/conclusion : Polymerase chain reaction and serological methods need to be standardized and made better to improve the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infections. It seems to be crucial to obtain new and more selective antigens associated with persistent infections to explain the participation of C. pneumoniae in coronary artery disease.

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Section: Associated With Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Associated With Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Сергеевна¹,

Васильевич²

2009

Lexikon Der Infektionskrankheiten Des Menschen

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“…Reports on cultivation of Chlamydia pneumoniae in fragments of arteries exist, showing the viability of the bacterium and its multiplication capacity in that type of environment 10,12 . In vitro studies have shown the ability of Chlamydia pneumoniae to infect smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and human macrophages [23][24][25] .…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae and coronary, carotid, and peripheral arterial disease has been described in several countries in diverse types of studies as follows: a) serum-epidemiological studies [2][3][4][5][6] ; b) anatomicopathological studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] ; and c) experimental studies [18][19][20][21][22] . Reports on cultivation of Chlamydia pneumoniae in fragments of arteries exist, showing the viability of the bacterium and its multiplication capacity in that type of environment 10,12 .…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. Identification of bacterial DNA in the arterial wall

Coutinho¹,

Nakamae²,

Menezes³

2000

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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Objective -The intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with atherosclerosis. The presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae has been investigated in fragments of the arterial wall with a technique for DNA identification. Methods -Atherosclerosis and its associated diseases (acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized and developing countries. Differences in the prevalence of conventional risk factors (smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), however, do not explain temporal and geographic variations in the prevalence and severity of these diseases. About one third of the individuals with atherosclerosis are estimated not to have any of these major risk factors. This resulted in the search for new risk factors, such as coagulation factors, inflammatory factors, and infectious agents.Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease 1 . According to the current theory of atherogenesis, this process begins with an "initial injury" that triggers an inflammatory response involving lymphocytes, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Some of the triggers proposed for the initial injury in atherosclerosis include the following: carbon monoxide of cigarettes, hemodynamic friction upon the endothelium, hypercholesterolemia, oxidized LDL, and more recently, infectious agents such as herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori, and Chlamydia pneumoniae.The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae and coronary, carotid, and peripheral arterial disease has been described in several countries in diverse types of studies as follows: a) serum-epidemiological studies 2-6 ; b) anatomicopathological studies 7-17 ; and c) experimental studies [18][19][20][21][22] . Reports on cultivation of Chlamydia pneumoniae in fragments of arteries exist, showing the viability of the bacterium and its multiplication capacity in that type of environment 10,12 . In vitro studies have shown the ability of Chlamydia pneumoniae to infect smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and human macrophages [23][24][25] . Experiments in rabbits infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae showed the development of fatty streaks and lesions similar to atherosclerosis in the aorta 18 . When the animals were treated with macrolides, however, these lesions did not develop 26 . Preliminary clinical randomized trials 27,28 that still await confirmation support a causal relation between Chlamydia pneumoniae and coronary artery disease.

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“…Evidence for the association between C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis includes serological findings of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against C pneumoniae in CAD patient specimens, 4 detection of the organism or its components in atherosclerotic plaques from patients at autopsy, 5 and the presence of viable organisms in atheromatous lesions. 6 Cell culture systems have been used to study how C pneumoniae infection contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Results from studies showing that C pneumoniae infection induces human macrophage foam cell formation when cultured in the presence of LDL and also that C pneumoniae induces cellular oxidation of LDL provide evidence that directly links the organism to events thought to contribute to atherogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Chlamydial Heat Shock Protein 60 but Not to Human and Bacterial Homologs Are Associated With Coronary Artery Disease

et al. 2002

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Background— Evidence for an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been reported by numerous studies, cross-reactive heat shock protein (Hsp) antibody responses have been causally linked to CAD, and the severity of chlamydial disease pathogenesis correlates with Hsp serology. Our aim was to determine if chlamydial Hsp (cHsp) antibody responses are predictive of CAD. Methods and Results— Patients were recruited in a case-control study: 250 cases had angiographically significant CAD (stenosis ≥70%), and 250 controls had normal coronary arteries (stenosis <10%). Serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to Hsp10 and Hsp60 antigens (chlamydial, Escherichia coli , and human), and C pneumoniae whole organisms were measured by ELISA. Univariate analysis confirmed that classical CAD risk factors were predictors of CAD. Univariate analysis showed that cHsp60 ( P = 0.001, OR 3.9), cHsp10 ( P =0.045, OR 3.8), E coli Hsp60 ( P =0.04, OR 1.5) and C pneumoniae ( P =0.03, OR 1.8) ELISA optical density (OD) values were significantly different between cases and controls. Multivariate analysis found that only upper-quintile cHsp60 seroreactivity remained a significant predictor of CAD after controlling for classical CAD risk factors and seroreactivity to the other antigens (cHsp60 OD, P =0.005, OR 3.9 per OD unit; cHsp60 quintile, 5 versus 1 to 4; P =0.01, OR 2.1). Conclusions— The presence of elevated anti-cHsp60 immunoglobulin G antibodies, but not anti-human or anti– E coli homologs, was independently associated with CAD. This finding argues against previous suggestions that cross-reactive or autoimmune Hsp60 responses may contribute to disease progression. High anti-cHsp60 antibody response appears to identify the subset of patients with chlamydial infection and significant CAD.

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Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the Coronary Artery of a Patient with Coronary Atherosclerosis

Abstract: This study provides direct evidence of the presence of viable C. pneumoniae in atheromatous lesions. A chronic inflammatory response caused by a persistent infection of the coronary arteries may explain the link between C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis.

Cited by 442 publications

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. Identification of bacterial DNA in the arterial wall

Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Chlamydial Heat Shock Protein 60 but Not to Human and Bacterial Homologs Are Associated With Coronary Artery Disease

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