Isolation of a snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor (AIPLAI) from leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem): Mechanism of PLA2 inhibition by AIPLAI in vitro condition

Mukherjee, Ashis K.; Doley, Robin; Saikia, Devabrata

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.03.021

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In vitro studies showed that Calotropis procera contains sugars, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and glycosides (Sharma et al, 2012a). Several biochemicals have been identified for anti-snake scorpion and wasp venom from Withania somnifera (Lizano et al, 2003;Machiah et al, 2006), Azadirachta indica (Mukherjee et al, 2008) and Mangifera indica (Pithayanukul et al, 2009). Achyranthes aspera is a widely used herb in the sub-continent for poisonous animal bites and it is one of the major plants utilized in a variety of ways to treat snake and scorpion bites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

Shah¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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Abstract. Snakebite and scorpion sting are the most neglected public problems especially in the poor rural communities of South Asia including Pakistan. The frequency of snakebites and scorpion stings in Pakistan has increased tremendously due to destruction of habitats of snakes and scorpions as a result of deforestation and the consequent migration of these poisonous animals towards human settlements. The management of the frequency of snake bites and scorpion stings has been unsatisfactory in this region. In order to investigate and collect information from the inhabitants on the curative values of plants for treatment of snakebite and scorpion sting, an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants was carried out from September 2015 to July 2016 to document information from 14 villages of Namal Valley of District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. The Martin method was followed for collecting information from informants about the medicinal plants used for these poisonous bites. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 37 families and 61 genera was recorded. Information obtained included the common names and their families while photographs of all plants recorded were obtained using the Olympus digital camera. The plants documented were herbs (54%), shrubs (26%) and trees (20%). The family Solanaceae was found to be the most frequently used. The dominant plant part in the recipes obtained is the leaf (22%). The most frequently used mode of preparation in the recipes was the paste. Calotropis procera, Arisaema jacquemontii, Albizia lebbeck and Portulaca oleracea were the major medicinal plants recorded. The present study is the first ethnobotanical survey of the area and the first report of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of poisonous snake bites and scorpion stings among the indigenous communities of Namal Valley of District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

Shah¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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“…Thus, the study of herbal antidotes against snake venom is of great importance in the management of snakebite. Recently, various research groups actively enganged for antivenom research by using diversed crude extracts and elucidated active compounds from various plants sources [27,32–34]. In addition, their natural PLA 2 inhibitors also play an important role in some traditional medicines used for immune support, such as the ashwaganda plant ( Withania somnifera ) used in Ayurvedic medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible model for the interaction of RA with Lys49-PLA 2 BthTX-I is proposed [32]. A compound AIPLAI purified from the methanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) inhibits the Cobra and Russell's viper venoms (RVVs) PLA 2 enzymes in a dose-dependent manner and the AIPLAI holds good promise for the development of novel anti-snake venom drug in future [34]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic application of natural inhibitors against snake venom phospholipase A2

Samy¹,

Gopalakrishnakone²,

Chow³

2012

Bioinformation

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Natural inhibitors occupy an important place in the potential to neutralize the toxic effects caused by snake venom proteins and enzymes. It has been well recognized for several years that animal sera, some of the plant and marine extracts are the most potent in neutralizing snake venom phospholipase A2 (svPLA2). The implication of this review to update the latest research work which has been accomplished with svPLA2 inhibitors from various natural sources like animal, marine organisms presents a compilation of research in this field over the past decade and revisiting the previous research report including those found in plants. In addition to that the bioactive compounds/inhibitor molecules from diverse sources like aristolochic alkaloid, flavonoids and neoflavonoids from plants, hydrocarbones 2, 4 dimethyl hexane, 2 methylnonane, and 2, 6 dimethyl heptane obtained from traditional medicinal plants Tragia involucrata (Euphorbiaceae) member of natural products involved for the inhibitory potential of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes in vitro and also decrease both oedema induced by snake venom as well as human synovial fluid PLA2. Besides marine natural products that inhibit PLA2 are manoalide and its derivatives such as scalaradial and related compounds, pseudopterosins and vidalols, tetracylne from synthetic chemicals etc. There is an overview of the role of PLA2 in inflammation that provides a rationale for seeking inhibitors of PLA2 as anti-inflammatory agents. However, more studies should be considered to evaluate antivenom efficiency of sera and other agents against a variety of snake venoms found in various parts of the world. The implications of these new groups of svPLA2 toxin inhibitors in the context of our current understanding of snake biology as well as in the development of new novel antivenoms therapeutics agents in the efficient treatment of snake envenomations are discussed.

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“…This differential inhibition may be due to the structural differences exhibited by the venom belonging to two different classes, elapid and viperid. In a study reported by Mukherjee et al (2008) a compound isolated from methanolic leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica exhibited significantly higher inhibition on Naja naja venom than on D. russelii. Hyaluronidase was found to be completely neutralized by ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of plant at a concentration of 100 μg/mL for both the venoms, hyaluronidase also known as spreading factor which helps in facilitating the easy diffusion of toxins, thus aiding the fast action of venom components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anti-snake venom potential of Clerodendrum serratum extracts on Bungarus caeruleus and Daboia russelii venom

Vasudev

Annappa

et al. 2018

Bangladesh J Pharmacol

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Anti-snake venom therapy is the only treatment for snake bite but leads to acute and chronic conditions which may be severe. The medicinal plants have gained importance over years to find an effective alternative to anti-snake venom. The present study focused on evaluating the potential of Clerodendrum serratum for the anti-snake venom activity. Phytochemicals were extracted from the C. serratum with different solvents. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were found to neutralize the major enzyme toxins (phospholipase A2, protease and hyaluronidase) of Bungarus caeruleus and Daboia russelii venom at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The fibrinogenolytic activity of both the venoms were neutralized. The study proves that the plant C. serratum possesses certain compounds which inhibit the toxins present in the venom of B. caeruleus and D. russelii.Video Clip of Methodology:Hyaluronidase assay: 3 min 30 sec <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/Xz5C6bbwgW0">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz5C6bbwgW0">Alternate</a>

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Isolation of a snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor (AIPLAI) from leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem): Mechanism of PLA2 inhibition by AIPLAI in vitro condition

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

Therapeutic application of natural inhibitors against snake venom phospholipase A2

Anti-snake venom potential of Clerodendrum serratum extracts on Bungarus caeruleus and Daboia russelii venom

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