Isolation of a Novel Carotenoid, OH-chlorobactene Glucoside Hexadecanoate, and Related Rare Carotenoids fromRhodococcussp. CIP and Their Antioxidative Activities

Aryl Polyenes, a Highly Abundant Class of Bacterial Natural Products, Are Functionally Related to Antioxidative Carotenoids

“…[9,10,16,17] Singlet-oxygen-quenching activity of arcuflavin and protection of cell growth under oxidative stress General antioxidative potential was examined as the 1 O 2quenching activity by measuring methylene-blue-sensitized photooxidation of linoleic acid as described before. [18] An IC 50 value of 20 mm was measured for 3.T his shows that arcuflavin has a 1 O 2 -quenching activity comparable with those of antioxidative carotenoids such as HO-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate (7,1 5 mm), [19] fucoxanthin (17 mm), [20] astaxanthin (7 mm)o rl ycopene (8 mm). [21] The growth rates of V. paradoxus B4 wild type cells producing arcuflavins (yellow cells;t otal pigment content in raw extract calculated as arcuflavin A: 93.6 AE 8.5 nmol g À1 dry weight) and of the pigment-deficient mutant W5 (white cells;p igment content: < 1nmolg À1 dry weight) were similar (Figures2 and S7, Ta ble S1).D ifferences were observedu pon addition of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), which causeso xidative stress.…”

“…An IC 50 value of 20 μ m was measured for 3 . This shows that arcuflavin has a 1 O 2 ‐quenching activity comparable with those of antioxidative carotenoids such as HO‐chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate ( 7 , 15 μ m ), fucoxanthin (17 μ m ), astaxanthin (7 μ m ) or lycopene (8 μ m ) …”

Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds

“…P6-4P Cells growing on fish waste compost Production of biosurfactant that is mainly composed of fatty acids Kazemi et al 2009 Bioflocculants R. erythropolis S-1 Cells growing on sorbitol, mannitol, ethanol, glucose, or fructose Production of the peptidic bioflocculant named NOC-1, it is one of the best performing bioflocculant described up to date Kurane et al 1994 R. erythropolis ATCC 10543 Cells growing on pre-treated sludge and livestock wastewater Production of a polysaccharidic bioflocculant Peng et al 2014 R. erythropolis Cells growing on potato starch wastewater Production of a polysaccharidic bioflocculant Guo et al 2018 Carotenoids R.luteus , R. coprhilus , R. lentifragmentus , R. maris Cells growing on Sauton agar medium Production of β-carotene Ochiyama et al 1989 R. equi , R. rubroperctinctus , R. aichiensis , R. sputi , R. chubuensis , R. obuensis , R. bornchialis , R. roseus , R. rhodochrous , R. rhodnii , R. terrae Cells growing on defined medium l -asparagine and glycerol as main nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively Production of γ-carotene-like compound Ochiyama et al 1989 R. erythropolis IBBPo1 Cells growing on n -alkane Production of lycopene at higher level Stancu et al 2015 R. rhodochrous RNMS1 ND Production of γ-carotene derivatives Takaichi et al 1990 R. erythropolis AN12 Cells growing on rich medium (i.e., nutrient broth-based medium) Production of γ-carotene derivatives Tao et al 2004 Rhodococcus sp. CIP Cells growing on rich medium Production of OH-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate and related rare carotenoids Osawa et al 2011 R. opacus PD630 Glycerol and ammonium acetate as main carbon ...…”

“…strains can produce different types of carotenoid pigments (Table 1 ) (Takaichi et al 1990 ; Tao et al 2004 ), which are located either intracellularly (e.g., in lipid droplets or in the vicinity of the plasma membrane) or around the hydrophobic Rhodococcus cell wall. As they are non-photosynthetic bacteria, the role of carotenoids was generally associated with cell protection from various oxidative damages, as demonstrated by testing cell response to H 2 O 2 treatment and to methylene blue-sensitized photo-oxidation (Osawa et al 2011 ; Bequer Urbano et al 2014 ). Further, the increase of carotenoid accumulation in these bacteria or the modification of carotenoid profile was associated with the type of growth and the presence of organic solvents.…”

Study of Electrochemical Water Reactor Concerning Food Safety in Industerial Food Processing

“…The living organisms are not capable of consuming lots of energy to metabolize and diminish this water. Therefore, all body organs and muscles receive a large amount of water molecular structure which are of activated water and provide the needed information in order to achieve a healthier condition and solving the problems (5,20). Different experiments have shown the poisonous and fatal effects of some elements like Copper, Zinc, and Mercury on various kinds of fish species.…”