Isolation, genetic and immunohistochemical identification of Toxoplasma gondii from human placenta in a large toxoplasmosis outbreak in southern Brazil, 2018

Ferreira, Fernanda Pinto; Nino, Beatriz de Souza Lima; Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso; Monica, Thaís Cabral; Britto, Isadora Cortella; Signori, Ariana; Médici, Kerlei Cristina; Freire, Roberta Lemos; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico; Garcia, João Luís; Headley, Selwyn Arlington; Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flôres; Minuzzi, Camila Encarnação; Portella, Luiza Pires; Bräunig, Patrícia; Sangioni, Luís Antônio; Ludwig, Aline; Ramos, Luciane Silva; Pacheco, Liliane Souto; Silva, Camila Ribeiro; Pacheco, Flávia Caselli; Menegolla, Ivone Andreatta; Farinha, Lourdes Bonfleur; Haas, Simone; Canal, Natália; Mineo, José Roberto; Difante, Cledison Márcio; Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104589

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A very large outbreak was reported in the city of Santa Maria in 2018 [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. The information from this outbreak reported is piecemeal, with some information only available mainly on the internet [44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Santa Maria Rio Grande Do Sulmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans: five decades of personal experience, perspectives and lessons learned

Dubey

2021

Parasites Vectors

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Background The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range, infecting most warm-blooded hosts. Approximately 30% of humanity is infected with T. gondii, but clinical toxoplasmosis is relatively infrequent. Toxoplasmosis has a wide range of clinical symptoms involving almost all organ systems. In most persons that acquire infection postnatally, symptoms (when present) are mild and mimic other diseases such as flu, Lyme disease, Q fever, hematological alterations, or mumps. It is likely that clinical disease is more common than reported. The ingestion of infected meat or food and water contaminated with oocysts are the two main modes of postnatal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. The infective dose and the incubation period of T. gondii infection are unknown because there are no human volunteer experiments. Methods Here, I have critically reviewed outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans for the past 55 years, 1966–2020. Information from oocyst-acquired versus meat-acquired infections was assessed separately. Results Most outbreaks were from Brazil. There were no apparent differences in types or severity of symptoms in meat- versus oocyst-acquired infections. Fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and fatigue were the most important symptoms, and these symptoms were not age-dependent. The incubation period was 7–30 days. A genetic predisposition to cause eye disease is suspected in the parasites responsible for three outbreaks (in Brazil, Canada, and India). Only a few T. gondii tissue cysts might suffice to cause infection, as indicated by outbreaks affecting some (but not all) individuals sharing a meal of infected meat. Conclusions Whether the high frequency of outbreaks of toxoplasmosis in humans in Brazil is related to environmental contamination, poor hygiene, socioeconomic conditions, or to genotypes of T. gondii needs investigation. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Santa Maria Rio Grande Do Sulmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional five women had fetal death and three aborted. Viable T. gondii was isolated from the placentas of all five [50]. Additionally, T. gondii DNA was detected by PCR in amniotic fluid, fetal tissues, and placentas [50].…”

Section: Santa Maria Rio Grande Do Sulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans: five decades of personal experience, perspectives and lessons learned

Dubey

2021

Parasites Vectors

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“…High-school students who had consumed undercooked meat had a 10.8 times greater risk of acquiring T. gondii infection, according to Galván-Ramírez (2010). Beyond that, two of the largest world's toxoplasmosis outbreaks were reported in the same region of this study, and there is evidence that water and vegetables are the main responsible for the source of infection in these outbreaks (Arquilla et al, 2019;Dubey, 2021;Pinto-Ferreira et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In 2018, an outbreak considered the largest ever described in the world also occurred in southern Brazil, with more than 800 cases confirmed, including several cases of retinochoroiditis, congenital cases with fetal death and abortion (Arquilla et al, 2019;Dal Ponte et al, 2019). New T. gondii genotypes were isolated during this outbreak exhibiting high virulence, and the intensity of the symptoms presented warrants attention (Minuzzi et al, 2020;Pinto-Ferreira et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Young university students have insufficient knowledge about preventive measures against Toxoplasma gondii infection in a region of Southern Brazil

Santana

Evangelista

Lima

et al. 2021

RSD

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A representative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge about toxoplasmosis prevention, transmission routes, clinical features, and who can be infected among students from seven teaching areas of the State University of Maringá, Southern Brazil, using a self-administrated questionnaire. A total of 600 students participated in the study, 86 students did not answer or did not know about toxoplasmosis (14.3%), the other 514 (86.2%) had some information about toxoplasmosis and answered the questionnaires and most of them are unaware of the routes of transmission and prevention of this zoonosis. Less than 50% considered correct the options "do not feed cats with raw meat" (39.9%), "eat only well-cooked meats" (40.1%), and "ingest only filtered or boiled water" (42.6%). Also, misconceptions about prevention were identified when statements such as "doing fecal exams regularly" were considered correct by 20.0% of participants. Students' average of correct answers in the health and biological areas was statistically higher than in other areas. The agricultural sciences area had the worst performance. In conclusion, there is a critical need for effective educational programs to increase the population's awareness of toxoplasmosis since correct preventive practices are critical to control and reduce one disease's infection without definitive treatment.

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“…Immunohistochemistry significantly improves the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in histological sections and allows the patient's immune response to be evaluated [ 217 – 219 ]. In addition, immunohistochemistry has been useful in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis [ 220 – 222 ], echinococcosis [ 223 , 224 ], malaria [ 225 ] and for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi [ 226 , 227 ].…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Detection Of Protozoal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical diagnosis of human infectious diseases: a review

et al. 2022

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Background Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is a useful diagnostic method for detecting pathogen antigens in fixed tissues, complementing the direct diagnosis of infectious diseases by PCR and culture on fresh tissues. It was first implemented in a seminal publication by Albert Coons in 1941. Main body Of 14,198 publications retrieved from the PubMed, Google, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases up to December 2021, 230 were selected for a review of IHC techniques, protocols and results. The methodological evolutions of IHC and its application to the diagnosis of infectious diseases, more specifically lice-borne diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and skin infections, were critically examined. A total of 59 different pathogens have been detected once in 22 different tissues and organs; and yet non-cultured, fastidious and intracellular pathogens accounted for the vast majority of pathogens detected by IHC. Auto-IHC, incorporating patient serum as the primary antibody, applied to diseased heart valves surgically collected from blood culture-negative endocarditis patients, detected unidentified Gram-positive cocci and microorganisms which were subsequently identified as Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae and Tropheryma whipplei. The application of IHC to ancient tissues dated between the ends of the Ptolemaic period to over 70 years ago, have also contributed to paleomicrobiology diagnoses. Conclusion IHC plays an important role in diagnostic of infectious diseases in tissue samples. Paleo-auto-IHC derived from auto-IHC, is under development for detecting non-identified pathogens from ancient specimens.

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Isolation, genetic and immunohistochemical identification of Toxoplasma gondii from human placenta in a large toxoplasmosis outbreak in southern Brazil, 2018

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans: five decades of personal experience, perspectives and lessons learned

Outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans: five decades of personal experience, perspectives and lessons learned

Young university students have insufficient knowledge about preventive measures against Toxoplasma gondii infection in a region of Southern Brazil

Immunohistochemical diagnosis of human infectious diseases: a review

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