Isolation, Characterization and Pathogenesis of Ustilaginoidea virens Causing False Smut Disease in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Manu, D.G.; Pramoda, S.S.; Ramanathan, A.; Ramchander, Sanjay; Manonmani, S.; Jeyaprakash, P.; Robin, Stéphane

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.077

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Pathogen isolates exhibited significant diversity for their mycelial and chlamydospores morpho-metric characters. In India, the morphological and cultural diversity of U. virens has been reported by many researchers (Ladhalakshmi et al 2012;Baite et al 2014;Rani et al 2015;Manu et al 2017;Pramesh et al 2020); however, few isolates originated from limited geographical regions were studied. Here, we report the detailed cultural and morphological diversity of geo-distinct isolates from Southern India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Morpho‐molecular and mating‐type locus diversity ofUstilaginoidea virens: an incitant of false smut of rice from Southern parts of India

et al. 2021

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Aims: To characterize the geo-distinct isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens for morpho-molecular and mating-type locus diversity. Methods and Results: Sixty-one isolates of U. virens collected from Southern India exhibited significant diversity in mycelial width (3Á45-5Á50 µm), colony colour (yellow, pale yellow, and white), and growth pattern (thick leather mat, raised-fluffy, flat-fluffy, and raised). Field-borne chlamydospores of each isolate were significantly smaller in size (3Á34-5Á26 µm 2 ) compared to those formed on culture media (18Á6-100Á89 µm 2 ). The phylogenetic study based on internal transcribed sequences revealed two clusters; however, most isolates (n = 54) were grouped in cluster-I, indicating common ancestral origin. We also identified 42 haplotypes; among them, Hap_3 has the highest number of isolates (n = 19). Mating-type locus (MAT1) analysis revealed all sixty-one isolates as heterothallic, wherein 37 and 24 isolates belonging to MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 heterothallic mating types, respectively. The microsynteny analysis of MAT1 loci of one of the Indian strain (Uv-Gvt) along with Uv-8b (China) strain revealed synteny conservation at MAT1 locus, which is flanked by conserved genes SLA2 and a hypothetical protein in the upstream and APN2, COX12 and APC5 in the downstream of the locus. Conclusions: Morpho-molecular study revealed the significant diversity among geo-distinct isolates, and MAT1 loci analysis indicated the distribution of heterothallic mating types in south Indian paddy fields. And also, complete synteny conservation between Indian and Chinese strain was observed at the MAT1 locus. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report describing the sexuality of Indian strains of the U. virens, which would help better understand the genetic diversity of the U. virens prevailing in Southern India and aid in developing resistant rice cultivars against this pathogen population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although the molecular diversity of U. virens was reported previously, the information is limited to few isolates of Southern India, excluding Karnataka state (Ladhalakshmi et al 2012;Manu et al 2017). In the present study, ITS1 and ITS4 primers amplified ≈540 bp in the 1 and Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morpho‐molecular and mating‐type locus diversity ofUstilaginoidea virens: an incitant of false smut of rice from Southern parts of India

et al. 2021

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“…Morphological characteristics of the pathogen were described by Hegde et al (2000) and Ladhalakshmi et al (2012) after 28 days. Manu et al (2017) measured the radial mycelial growth at 10 day intervals, recording the final observations on growth of the pathogen on the solid medium, that is, colony colour, colony diameter, growth type, and mycelia dry weight after 30 days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RAPD and SSR marker systems used in this study revealed a high degree of genetic variability among 63 U. virens isolates (Figure S4). Primers were selected based on reviewed literature (Manu et al, 2017; Sun et al, 2013; Tan et al, 2008; Villarino et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012, 2014; Yang et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2009; Zhou et al, 2004, 2008). Out of 40 RAPD primers tested, only 14 random decamer RAPD primers were able to produce bands (Figure S4b), and these were used for further assessment of the isolates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of isolates of the rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in India

et al. 2021

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Genetic diversity assessment and population structure analysis are essential for characterization of pathogens and their isolates. Markers are essential tools for exploring genetic variation among the isolates. False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, formerly Villosiclava virens, is a major emerging disease of rice in India. A high level of variability is observed at the field level, but no information is available from India on genetic diversity and population structure. This is the first report of genetic diversity and population structure of U. virens from India that included 63 isolates distributed across the vast geographical area of eastern and north‐eastern India (18.9 to 26.7°N and 82.6 to 94.2°E). Seventeen RAPDs and 14 SSRs were identified as polymorphic and a total of 140 alleles were detected across the populations. The average number of alleles per locus for each primer was 4.5. All the isolates were grouped into two major clusters, with partial geographical segregation that was supported by principal coordinate analysis. Mantel test suggested genetic distance within the isolates increased with increasing geographical distance. Analysis of molecular variation showed more genetic variation within populations and less among populations. This outcome will help in understanding genetic diversity of U. virens from eastern and north‐eastern India and in planning effective management strategies.

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“…[27] reported that using the phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences, all the isolates were categorically divided into two groups, with 97-100% sequence similarity, and all U. virens were placed into a single cluster. [29] constructed the tree using ITS 1 and ITS 2 sequences and reported that three isolates came under the same clade and one isolate was in a separate clade. [30] have demonstrated that all U. virens strains constituted a sub-clade within the Clavicipitaceae clade and clearly distinguished true smut fungi from other U. virens strains.…”

Section: Construction Of Phylogenetic Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Characteristics and Molecular Confirmation of Ustilaginoidea virens the Incitant of False Smut of Rice

Nithila¹,

Gopalakrishnan²,

Nakkeeran³

et al. 2022

IJPSS

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Aims: Ustilaginoidea virens, which causes false smut of rice (synonyms: green smut or pseudo smut), is an emerging grain disease around the world. The main aim of the study is to find out suitable culturable medium, carbon sources and pH for the growth of false smut pathogen and molecular confirmation of U. virens isolates. Place and Duration of Study: The in vitro studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, between December 2020 to April 2021. Methodology: To study the growth pattern of U.virens, five different carbon sources and mediums were used. Standardization of pH was done using a PSA medium amended with different pH levels. DNA extraction of all 13 isolates were done using the CTAB method. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 12 software. Results: It is a slow-growing pathogen and grew well in the potato sucrose agar medium with a mycelial growth of about (54.00 mm) after 30 days and sucrose was found to be a good carbon source. The pH of 5 was found to be optimum. PCR reaction was carried out to further validate 13 isolates using three sets of primer pairs ITS 1/ITS 4, US1-5/US3-3, and US 2-5/US 4-3 with amplified products of 560 bp, 380 bp and 260 bp. Accession numbers were obtained for all the isolates.

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Isolation, Characterization and Pathogenesis of Ustilaginoidea virens Causing False Smut Disease in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Morpho‐molecular and mating‐type locus diversity ofUstilaginoidea virens: an incitant of false smut of rice from Southern parts of India

Morpho‐molecular and mating‐type locus diversity ofUstilaginoidea virens: an incitant of false smut of rice from Southern parts of India

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of isolates of the rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in India

Cultural Characteristics and Molecular Confirmation of Ustilaginoidea virens the Incitant of False Smut of Rice

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